Emerging Political System in Central Asia in The Post-Soviet Period

Wheeler G. , The peoples of Soviet Central Asia (London; The Bodley Head, 1969), p. 93

Shams-ud-din , “Geopolitics of Central Asia” in India and Russia in a changing world (New Delhi; ICSSR, 1999), p. 100

Sham-ud-din , Secularisation in the USSR (Delhi; Vikas Publishing House, 1982), p. 82

Bacon Elizabeth E. , Central Asians Under Russians Rule (New York, Ithaka; Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 67

Pierce Richard D. , Russian Central Asia, 1867-1917 (Berkeley and Los Angeles; University of California Press, 1960), p. 12

Schuyler E. Phil , Dr., Turkistan (London, Sampson Low, Maraston; Searle and Rivington, 1976), p. 57

Shams-ud-din , n. 2, pp. 100–101

Gerner Kristian Hedlund Stefan , Ideology and Rationality in the Soviet Model: A Legacy for Gorbachev (London, New York; Routelege, 1989), p. 35

Apter David E. , The Politics of Modernization (Chicago, London; Chicago University Press, 1965), p. 6

The Politics of Modernization, p. 35

Constitution of Turkmenistan, Ashgabad, 18 May, 1992, no. 691-XII, pp. 1–19, “Kazakhstan: Republic Constitution”, FBIS: Central Eurasia, nos. 48-54, 19 April 1993, pp. 68-78,“Kyrgyzastan: Republic constitution”, FBIS: Central Eurasia, nos. 99 — 105, 9 August 1993, pp. 8-101., “Tajikistan: Draft Republic Constitution presented”, FBIS: Central Eurasia, nos. 52-56, 18 May 1994, pp. 92-103., Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 8 December 1992, pp. 9-36

Article 55, “Kazakhstan: Republic constitution”, FBIS: Central Eurasia, nos. 48-54, 19 April 1993, pp. 68–78.

Article 58. (Paragraph 2), Kazashstan: Republic Constitution

Constitutions of the five Republics of Central Asia, n. 12

Saltmarhe Douglas , “ Civil Society And Sustainable Development in Central Asia”, Central Asian Survey (oxford), Vol. 15, nos. 3-4, 1996, p. 391

Central Asian Survey (oxford), p. 390

Hunter Shireen , “Islam in Post — Independence Central Asia: Internal and External Dimensions”, Journal of Islamic Studies (London), vol. 7, no. 2, 1996, p. 299

Journal of Islamic Studies, pp. 299–300

Saltmarshe Douglas , n. 23, p. 391

Haghayeghi Mehrdad , “Islamic Revival in the central Asian Republics” Central Asian Survey (oxford), vol. 13, no. 2, 1994, p. 253

Tadjbakhsh Shahrbanon , “National Reconstruction: the Imperfect Whim”. Central Asian Survey (oxford), vol. 15, nos 3-4, 1996, p. 325

Shomamov Askar Zh. . “Social Modernization of Kazakh Society”, Contemporary Central Asia (New Delhi), vol. 1, 1997, p. 13

“New Party — Legalization of Opposition Party”. Keesing's Record of World Events, vol. 40, no. 4, 1994, p. 39961

Ochs Micheal . “Turkmenistan: the Duest for stability and Control”, in Dewisha Karen parrott Bruce , eds., Conflict, Cleanage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus (Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 324

Shomanov Askar Zh. , n. 30, pp. 13–14

Conflict, Cleanage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus, p. l5

Fierman William , “Political Development in Uzbekistan Democratization?”, in Karen Dewisha and Bruce Parrot, eds., n. 32, p. 389

Dani Ahmad Hassan , New Light on Central Asia (Delhi; Renaissance Publishing House, 1993), p. 121

Shomanov Askar Zh. , n. 30, p. 13

New Light on Central Asia, p. l4

New Light on Central Asia, p. 15

Fierman William , n. 35, p. 375

Dani Ahmad Hassan , n. 36, p. 96

Akbarzadeh Shahram , “Nation-Building in Uzbekistan”, Central Asian Survey (Oxford), vol. 15, no.1, 1996, p. 24

“New Political Party to be set up in Uzbekistan”, Pravada-vostoka, 25 May 1995, p. 1. Summary of World Broadcast, part-I, 27 May 1995, p. Su/2314G/l

Shirazi Habibollah Abolhassan , “political Forces and Their Structure in Tajikistan”, Central Asian Survey (Oxford), vol. 16, no. 3, 1997, p. 614

Dani Ahmad Hassan , n. 36, p. 118

Ibid., p. 119

“Turkmenistan”, The Europa Year Book, vol. II (London, 1997), p. 3294

“Kyrgyzatan”, Political Handbook of the World 1998 (New York, 1998), p. 519

“Kyrgyzatan”. The Europa Year Book, vol. II (London, 1997), p. 1968

“Kyrgyzatan”, n.49, p.579

Shomanov Askar Zh. , n.30, p. 16

“Turkmenistan: Legislative elections”, Keesing's Record of World Events, vol.45, no. 12, December 1999, p.43312

Constitutions of the five Republics of Central Asia, n.12