Migration,Settlement and Intergroup Relations in Europe

1. John Plamantaz , Man and Society (London: Longmans Green & Co. Ltd. 1963), Vol. 11, p. 111.

2. The Independent, 20 and 21 September 1989.

3. The Independent, 22 September 1989.

4. The Guardian, 4 November 1989.

5. There are still large numbers of British citizens in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Other Europeans, including Dutch nationals and South Africans may also constitute future settlers in Europe. See also J. Berger & A. Mohr (1975) A Seventh Man (London, Penguin).

6. Castles S. Kosack G. (1973) Immigrant Workers and Class Structures in Western Europe, (London, Oxford University Press). This book contains an excellent analysis of this phase in migration.

7. See, Castles S. Booth H. Wallance T. (1984) Here for Good: Western Europe's new ethnic minorities, pp. 40–95 (London, Pluto Press).

8. The Moluccans, however, have undergone a period of prolonged and enforced migration. They were brought to Holland with the promise of return to Indonesia. While the community would still like to return, they have undergone decades of discrimination and marginalised existence.

9. National Board of Universities and Colleges (UHA): Intercultural Trading of Teachers, Report from the Conference in Kolmarden, Sweden (Stockholm, 1985), p. 93.

10. Puxon G. : Roma: European Gypsies (London: 1980), M.R.G. Report No. 14, 3rd Ed., p. 14.

11. Castles S. Booth H. Wallace T. , op. cit.

12. New York Times, 26 November 1989, p. A4.

13. New York Times, 22 November 1987, p. 4 (my Emphasis).

14. Bernal M. : Black Athena: the Afro-Asiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, Vol 1 (New Brunswick Rutgers Press 1987).

15. Audio tape of E. Said's Session at American Anthropological Association Conference, Chicago 1987.

16. Said E. : Orientalism, (Harmondsworth: Penguin 1978), p. 326.

17. Williams R. , Culture and Society 1780–1959 (London: Chatto and Windus 19597 p. 376.

18. Said E. , op. cit . p. 328.