Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify associations between suicide ideation and indicators of psychological distress and health behaviors in Chinese and Philippine adolescents. Method: Global School Health Surveys consisting of 9015 Chinese and 7338 Philippine students aged 11 to 17 years were analyzed using logistic regression to determine demographic, psychosocial, and health/risk behavioral determinants of suicide ideation. Results: In both samples, suicide ideation was associated with substance use, physical activity, feelings of loneliness, hopelessness/sadness, and worrying. Chinese girls were more likely to than boys to report suicide ideation and suicide planning, whereas Philippine girls were more likely to report suicide planning. Overweight status and sedentary behaviors were associated with increased risk of suicide ideation in Chinese adolescents, but the same influences were observed to be protective for Philippine adolescents. Conclusions: Psychosocial, demographic, and health/risk behaviors factors appear to impact suicide ideation and suicide planning in both of these youth populations.
DhuriaMSharmaNTanejaDKKumarRIngleGK. Assessment of mental health status of senior secondary school children in Delhi. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2009;21:19-25.
2.
NockMKBorgesGBrometEJ. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;192:98-105.
3.
WassmermanDChengQJiangGX. Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19. World Psychiatry. 2005;4:114-120.
4.
VijakakumarLJohnSPirikisJWhitefordH. Suicide in developing countries. 2: Risk factors. Crisis. 2005;26:112-119.
5.
PillaiAAndrewsTPatelV. Violence, psychosocial distress and the risk of suicidal behavior in young people in India. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38:459-469.
LewinsohnPMRohdePSeeleyJR. Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts: prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 1996;3:25-36.
10.
TianBZhangWQianL. Health behaviors and protective factors of school students aged 13-15 years old in four cities of China. Int Electron J Health Educ. 2007;10:35-59.
11.
Miguel-BaquilodM. Global School-Based Student Health Survey in the Philippines. Manila, Philippines: Department of Health; 2004.
12.
LiuXTeinJZhaoZSandlerIN. Suicidality and correlates among rural adolescents of China. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37:443-451.
13.
StewartSMLamTHBetsonCChungSF. Suicide ideation and its relationship to depressed mood in a community sample of adolescents in Hong Kong. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1999;30:128-136.
14.
CheungYBLawCkChanBLiuKYYipPSF. Suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts in a population-based study of Chinese people: risk attributable to hopelessness, depression, and social factors. J Affect Disord. 2006;90:193-199.
15.
PageRMYanagishitaJSuwanteerangkulJZarcoEPMei-LeeCMiaoNF. Hopelessness and loneliness among suicide attempters in school-based samples of Taiwanese, Philippine, and Thai adolescents. Sch Psychol Int. 2006;27:583-598.
16.
JuonHSNamJJEnsmingerME. Epidemiology of suicidal behavior among Korean adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatr. 1994;15:663-663.
17.
StewartSMKennardBDLeePWHMayesTHughesCEmslieG. Hopelessness and suicidal ideation among adolescents in two cultures. J Child Psychol Psychiatr. 2005;46:364-372.
18.
ChengYTaoMRileyL. Protective factors relating to decreased risks of adolescent suicidal behavior. Child Care Health Dev. 2009;35:313-322.
SwahnMHReynoldsMRTiceMMiranda-PierangeliMCJonesCRJonesIR. Perceived overweight, BMI, and risk for suicide attempts: findings from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Adolesc Health. 2009;45:292-295.
21.
OmigbodunODograNEsanOAdedokunB. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among adolescents in southwest Nigeria. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2008;54:34-46.
22.
RudatsikiraEMuulaASSiziyaS. Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among school-going adolescents in Guyana: results from a cross-sectional study. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2007;3:13.
23.
World Health Organization. Global School-Based Student Health Survey 2008. http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en. Accessed June 27, 2009.
24.
ColeTJBellizziMCFlegalKMDietzWH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320:1240-1243.
25.
GoldstonDBDanielSSReboussinDMReboussinBAFrazierPHKellyAE. Suicide attempts among formerly hospitalized adolescents: a prospective naturalistic study of risk during the first 5 years after discharge. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;28:660-671.
LiuX. Sleep and adolescent suicidal behavior. Sleep. 2004;27:1351-1358.
28.
NockMKBorgesGBrometEJChaCBKesslerRCLeeS. Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30:133-154.
29.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Youth Risk Behavior Survey: 1991-2005: Trends in the Prevalence of Suicide Ideation and Attempts. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouthyrbs/pdf/trends/2005-YRBS_Suicide_Attempts.pdf. Accessed July 2, 2009.
30.
ShafferDGouldMSFisherP. Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53:339-348.
31.
ZoukHTousignantMSeguinaMLesageATureckiG. Characterization of impulsivity in suicide completers: clinical, behavioral and psychosocial dimensions. J Affect Disord. 2006;92:195-204.
32.
SunRCFHuiEKPWatkinsD. Towards a model of suicide ideation for Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. J Adolesc. 2006;29:209-224.
33.
BrezoJParisJTureckiG. Personality traits as correlates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completions: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;113:180-206.
34.
HaatainenKTanskanenAKylmäJ. Factors associated with hopelessness: a population study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2004;50:142-152.
35.
StravynskiABoyerR. Loneliness in relation to suicide ideation and parasuicide: a population-wide study. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2001;31:32-40.
36.
BearmanPSMoodyJ. Suicide and friendships among American adolescents. Am J Public Health. 2004;4:89-95.
37.
LiHZhangY. Factors predicting rural Chinese adolescents’ anxieties, fears and depression. Sch Psych Int. 2008;29:376-384.
KingRASchwab-StoneMFlisherAJ. Psychosocial and risk behavior correlates of youth suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001;40:837-846.
40.
SwahnMHBossarteRM. Gender, early alcohol use, and suicide ideation and attempts: Findings from the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. J Adolesc Health. 2007;41:175-181.
41.
ZhengPYingyingFLuYJiMHovellMFFuH. Community smoking behavior in Changqiao, Shanghai. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2008;20:94-101.
42.
HouX. Urban-rural disparity of overweight, hypertension, undiagnosed hypertension, and untreated hypertension in China. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2008;20:159-169.
43.
XieBLiuCChouCP. Weight perception and psychological factors in Chinese adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2003;33:202-210.
44.
VijayakumarLPirkisJThanh HuongTTYipPSeneviratneRDAHendinH. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors affecting suicide prevention in Asia. In: HendinHPhillipsMRVijayakumarL, eds. Suicide and Suicide Prevention in Asia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008:19-29.
45.
PhillipsMRLiXZhangY. Suicide rates in China, 1995-99. Lancet. 2002;359:835-840.
46.
YipPSFCallananCYuenHP. Urban/rural and gender differentials in suicide rates: East and West. J Affect Disord. 2000;57:99-106.
47.
YipPSFLiuKY. The ecological fallacy and gender ration of suicide in China. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:465-466.
48.
Ka-yuetLD. Suicide rates in the world: 1950-2004. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2009;39:204-212.
49.
FleischmannABertoloteJMDe LeoD. Effectiveness of brief intervention and contact for suicide attempters: A randomized controlled trial in five countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86:703-709.
