Institute for Public Health (IKU). Orang Asli Health Survey (OAHS) 2022: Technical Report. Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2023. Accessed March 26, 2026. https://iku.nih.gov.my/research/iku/oahs
2.
HouwelingTAJGrünbergerI.Intergenerational transmission of health inequalities: towards a life course approach to socioeconomic inequalities in health – a review. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2024;78(10):641-649. doi:10.1136/jech-2022-220162
AdliMNGhaniMKA. Amoebiasis amongst the Orang Asli (aborigine) school children at Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor, Malaysia. Int Med J. 2020;27(2):141-143.
5.
LestariESiregarAHidayatAKYusufAA.Stunting and its association with education and cognitive outcomes in adulthood: a longitudinal study in Indonesia. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0295380. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295380
6.
De SanctisVSolimanAAlaarajNAhmedSAlyafeiFHamedN. Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: from childhood to adulthood. Acta Biomed. 2021;92(1):e2021168. doi:10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346
7.
Abdullah ZawawiZAChe YaSNWaqarSSamsudinSA.NCD in marginalised population. Int J Hum Health Sci. 2024;8(20):S22. doi:10.31344/ijhhs.v8i20.665
8.
TalukderAKellyMSayeedMAGrayDSarmaH.Defining double burden of malnutrition across individual, household and population level: a narrative review. Nutr Diet. 2026;83(1):8-22. doi:10.1111/1747-0080.70037
9.
AdenanAZMohd YusoffMFIbrahimN, et al. Exploring health-seeking behaviour and healthcare utilization among the Temiar Orang Asli in Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia. Healthc Low Resour Settings. 2025;13(1):1-10.
10.
BairdJJacobCBarkerM, et al. Developmental origins of health and disease: a lifecourse approach to the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Healthcare. 2017;5(1):14. doi:10.3390/healthcare5010014
11.
YuZQinWLiJ.Intergenerational transmission of parental risky health behaviors in Chinese children: are there socioeconomic status differences?Front Med. 2023;9:842817. doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.842817
12.
TeoCHChinYSLimPYMasromSAHShariffZM.School-based intervention that integrates nutrition education and supportive healthy school food environment among Malaysian primary school children. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1427.
13.
MohammadiSSuTTJalaludinMY, et al. School-based intervention to improve healthy eating practices among Malaysian adolescents. Front Public Health. 2020;8:549637.
14.
World Health Organization. WHO Guideline on School Health Services. WHO; 2021.
15.
Institute for Public Health. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2022. Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2022.
16.
LeeCHKoAMWarnakulasuriyaS, et al. Population burden of betel quid abuse and its relation to oral premalignant disorders in South and Southeast Asia. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(3):e17-e24.
17.
JasimALiXOctaviaAGunardiICrocombeLSariEF. The association between betel quid use and oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders in Southeast Asian and Pacific regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE evidence profile. Front Oral Health. 2024;5:1397179.
18.
World Health Organization. Primary Health Care and Universal Health Coverage. WHO; 2021.
19.
World Health Organization. WHO Global Strategy on Integrated People-Centred Health Services. WHO; 2018.
20.
Ministry of Health Malaysia. National Primary Healthcare Strategic Framework. MOH; 2023.
21.
Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli (JAKOA). Community leadership and development initiatives. 2024. Accessed March 26, 2026. https://www.jakoa.gov.my/orang-asli/
22.
ButlerTGallAGarveyG, et al. Optimal approaches to co-design in health with Indigenous populations. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23):16166.
23.
MelroCMGilfoyleMBallantyneC, et al. Engaging Indigenous partners in health service transformation. Res Involv Engagem. 2025;11:47.
