Evaluating the cultural appropriateness of service delivery in multi-ethnic communities

In reports of evaluations carried out in New Zealand the assessment of the cultural appropriateness of the service being evaluated is rarely mentioned. Over the past 5-10 years evaluators have been increasingly required to demonstrate that their research approach is consistent with the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and responsive to the needs of the indigenous Mäori people and other non-dominant ethnic groups such as those of Pacific descent. This requires attention to at least two aspects of an evaluation: (1) the appropriate design of the research methods and conduct of the research team; and (2) assessment of the extent to which programs and services operate in culturally appropriate ways. There has been relatively little discussion of how these aspects might be incorporated into the design of evaluations. This paper will focus on the second topic. Literature discussing appropriate programs and services for indigenous Mäori people in New Zealand is reviewed. Specific strategies for assessing culturally appropriateness are illustrated using examples drawn from evaluation of ‘mainstream’ services in New Zealand. These topics will include: program management policies and practices, staff training and orientation, use of cultural advisers, networking with local communities, and liaison with specialist service providers. A framework that includes specific indicators for assessing the cultural appropriateness of services is outlined.