Australia's Child Asylum Seeker

Glover S. Burns J. Butler Patton G. , ‘Social Environments and Emotional Wellbeing in Young People’, (1998) 49 Family Matters 11–16; Goddard C. , Child Abuse and Child Protection: A Guide for Health and Welfare Workers, Churchill Livingston, 1996; Steel Z. Silove D.M. , ‘The Mental Health Implications of Detaining Asylum Seekers’, (2001) 175 Medical Journal of Australia 596–9; Public Health Association of Australia, Submission to HREOC National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002; Silove D. , ‘The Psychosocial Effects of Torture, Mass Human Rights Violations, and Refugee Trauma: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework’, (1999) 187 Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders 200–07; The Australian Psychological Society, Submission to HREOC National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002 (all submissions and background papers can be accessed at <http://www.humanrights.gov.au>.

Flood P., A.O. Report of Inquiry into Immigration Detention Procedures, 2001, NSW Government; The Australian Psychological Society, above, ref 1; Amnesty International, 2001, ‘Defending children's human rights: Children in immigration detention in Australia’, <http://www.amnesty.org.au/whatshappening/hrd4-5.html>; Amnesty International, ‘Refugee Children: The Unaccompanied Alien Child Protection Act’, 2001.

Unicef Australia, United Nations Children's Fund, Submission to HREOC National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002.

Patton G. , ‘Meeting the Challenge of Adolescent Mental Health’, (1997) 166 Medical Journal of Australia 399–400.

Resnick M.D. Harris L.J. , and Blum R.W. , ‘The Impact of Caring and Connectedness on Adolescent Health and Well-being,’ (1993) 29 Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 3–9; Oxford Refugee Centre, Understanding the Psychosocial Needs of Refugee Children and Adolescents: What do we Mean by Psychosocial? The Refugee Experience Website 2001, <http://earlybird.qeh.ox.ac.ukrfgexp/rsp_tre/student/children/cld_02.htm>.

The Australian Psychological Society, above, ref 1; Rousseau C. Drapeau A. , and Corin E. , ‘Risk and Protective Factors in Central American and Southeast Asian Refugee Children’, (1998) 11(1) Journal of Refugee Studies 20–37.

Baird, Bruce, MP, Hansard, 18 June 2001; Rogalla B. , (former Woomera Nurse), Submission to HREOC National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002

Patton G. Coffey C. Carlin J. Wolfe R. , Adolescent Depressive Disorders: A Population Based Study over Three Years, (2000) 318 British Medical Journal 765–8; Professional Alliance for the Health of Asylum Seekers and their Children, Submission to HREOC National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002; The Royal College of Nursing, Australia, Submission to the National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002.

Commonwealth Ombudsman, Submission to HREOC National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002; Flood P. above ref 2; Sultan A. and O'Sullivan K. , ‘Psychological Disturbances in Asylum Seekers Held in Long Term Detention; a Participant-observer Account’, 2001 (175) Medical Journal of Australia 593–6.

Flood P. above ref 2.

Sultan A. and O'Sullivan K. , above, ref 9; Steel Z. Silove D.M. , ref 1 above; Professional Alliance for the Health of Asylum Seekers and their Children, ref 8 above.

Commonwealth Ombudsman, above, ref 9.

Royal Australian College of Psychiatrists, media release, 17 August 2001; Rousseau C. Drapeau A. , and Corin E. , above, ref 6.

Steel Z. Silove D.M. , ref 1 above; Sultan A. and O'Sullivan K. , above, ref 9; The Royal College of Nursing, Australia, above, ref 8; The National Children's and Youth Law Centre, 2002, Submission to the HREOC, National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention.

‘They [staff] — just kick the kids — they just want to insult us in any way’, Al-Hashimy, released Woomera inmate, Age, 8 February 2002.

Sultan A. and O'Sullivan K. , above, ref 9; Rogalla B. , above, ref 7.

Rousseau C. Drapeau A. , and Corin E. , above, ref 6; Professional Alliance for the Health of Asylum Seekers and their Children, ref 8 above.

Sultan A. and O'Sullivan K. , above, ref 9.

South Australian Department of Education, Training and Employment, Submission to National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002.

Report of Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Age 7 February 2002 ‘… children under 13 received eight hours of classes a week and there was virtually no education for teenagers, a claim disputed by the Federal Government’; Australian Council of Deans of Education Incorporated, Submission to HREOC National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002.

Sultan A. and O'Sullivan K. , above, ref 9, p.593.

Sultan A. and O'Sullivan K. , above, ref 9; Public Health Association of Australia, above ref 1; Rogalla B. , above, ref 7.

Amnesty International, above, ref 2.

National Legal Aid, HREOC Submission to the National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, 2002.

Australia committed itself to provide protection to people applying for refugee status in Australia and who are recognised as refugees in accordance with the international definition in the 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees (the Refugee Convention) and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees.