HaywardD. and KligerB., Breaking a Nasty Habit? Gaming Policy and Politics in the State of Victoria, Swinburne Institute for Social Research, Melbourne, 2002, Table 5.
A 2001 study suggested that the proportion of EGM revenue coming from people with gambling problems is increasing, with their finding that 48.2% of EGM revenue came from people with gambling problems (Australian Institute for Gambling Research, Survey of the Nature and Extent of Gambling and Problem Gambling in the ACT, University of Western Sydney, July 2001, p.114).
6.
Uniting Church, Victorian Synod, It's a Risky Business: The Impact of Gambling on Families in Victoria, June 2002.
7.
Gambling the Home Away, Hanover Welfare Services, Melbourne, 2001.
8.
CroftsPenny, Gambling and Criminal Behaviour, University of Technology, Sydney, 2002.
9.
For example, a Victorian Casino and Gaming Authority report found that the EGM tax burden on people earning less than $10,000 a year is 6400% of that paid by people earning over $60,000 (CasinoVictorian and AuthorityGaming, Social and Economic Effects of Electronic Gaming Machines on Non-Metropolitan Communities, December 1997). See also DoughneyJ. and SinclairG, Demography and Poker Machine Gambling: The Social Policy Implications of Social Banditry, Workplace Studies Centre, Victoria University, Melbourne, 2000.
10.
Productivity Commission, above, ref 1, Volume 1, Table 8.3, p.8.23; see also Hayward and Kliger, above, ref. 2, p.20.
11.
Productivity Commission, above, ref 1, p.5.36.
12.
OmbudsmanVictorian, Report on Matters Arising from the Office of Gambling Regulation Investigation of International Gaming Technology, Victorian Government Printer, Melbourne, June 2002.
13.
Gambling regulation is a state matter but there are a number of Commonwealth powers that could be used as the basis for reform including the banking power in relation to the location of ATMs.
14.
Gaming and Gambling Legislation Review Panel, Review of Gaming and Gambling Legislation, September 2002.
15.
The Interchurch Gambling Taskforce was established in 1995 by the Heads of Churches in Victoria. Its members are taken from the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Uniting, Baptist and Salvation Army churches.
16.
‘State to Abolish Gaming Watchdog’, Age, 20 September 2002.
17.
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 183CLR273, 304.
18.
DoughneyJ., The Poker Machine State, Common Ground Publishing, Melbourne, 2002, p.63.
19.
CostelloT. and MillarR., Wanna Bet? Winners and Losers in Gambling's Luck Myth, Allen & Unwin, 1999, pp.77–8.
KPMG Consulting, Longitudinal Community Impact Study for Victorian Casino and Gaming Authority, Melbourne, 2000.
24.
DoughneyJ., above, ref 18, 2002.
25.
Productivity Commission, above, ref 1, p.16.61.
26.
BlaszczynskiA.SharpeL. and WalkerM., The Assessment of the Impact of the Reconfiguration on Electronic Gaming Machines as Harm Minimisation Strategies for Problem Gambling, The University of Sydney, November 2001, pp. 58–9, 63.
27.
BlaszczynskiA. and others, above, ref 26, pp.80, 83.
28.
ACIL Consulting, The Impact of Gaming in Ballarat, 14 December 2001.
29.
James Doughney suggests Tattersalls and Tabcorp ‘aggressively targets markets in an effort to maximise its interest, namely its duopoly rents. Its advertising, lighting of venues and even choice of music and images are designed to promote intemperance’: DoughneyJ., above, ref 18, pp.61–2.
