Fact-Finding,Proof and Indigenous Knowledge

See Eades Diana (1995), extracted in McRae Heather , Indigenous Legal Issues: Commentary and Materials (4th ed, 2009) 543–545.

Ibid 540.

Ibid 545.

Ibid 544–5.

Eades Diana , Courtroom Talk and Neocolonial Control (2008).

See for instance, Hunter Jill Cameron Camille Henning Terese , Litigation II: Evidence and Criminal Process (7th ed, 2005) 411–413.

Mack Kathy , ‘Teaching Evidence: Inference, Proof and Diversity’ (2000) 11 Legal Education Review 57.

Compare, for example, Gans Jeremy Palmer Andrew , Uniform Evidence (2010); Hunter Cameron Henning , above n 6; Hunter Jill Cronin Kathryn , Evidence, Advocacy and Ethical Practice: A Criminal Trial Commentary (1995); Ligertwood Andrew Edmond Gary , Australian Evidence: A principled approach to the common law and the uniform Acts (5th ed, 2010); Kumar Miiko Odgers Stephen Peden Elisabeth , Uniform Evidence Law: Commentary and Materials (3rd ed, 2009); Anderson John Bayne Peter , Uniform Evidence Law: Text and Essential Cases (2nd ed, 2009); and Waight P K Williams C R , Evidence: Commentary and Materials (7th ed, 2006).

Cooke Michael , Indigenous Interpretation Issues for Courts (2002); Cooke Michael , ‘Understood by All Concerned? Anglo/Aboriginal Legal Translation’ in Morris Marshall (ed), Translation and the Law (1995).

Eades Diana , Aboriginal English and the Law: Communicating with Aboriginal English Speaking Clients: A Handbook for Legal Practitioners (1992); Hunter Cronin , above n 8, 250–1; McRae , above n 1, 373.

Hunter Cronin , above n 8, 251, 307–9.

Ibid 251, 308. See also Eades Diana , ‘Understanding Aboriginal silence in legal contexts’ in Kotthoff Helga Spencer-Oatey Helen (eds), Handbook of Intercultural Communication (2007) 285–301; Eades Diana , ‘Telling and Retelling Your Story in Court: Questions, Assumptions and Intercultural Implications’ (2008) 20(2) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 209, 219–220.

See Eades (2008), Ibid.

See Strehlow T G H , Songs of Central Australia (1971); Inglis Ken , The Stuart Case (1961).

Mildren Justice Dean , ‘Redressing the imbalance against Aboriginals in the criminal justice system’ (1997) 21(1) Criminal Law Journal 7.

See McRae , above n 1, 371–2; Hunter Cronin , above n 8, 459–460; Heydon J D , Cross on Evidence (8th Aust. ed, 2010) at [33745].

R v Anunga (1976) 11 ALR 412; but see also R v Anderson (1991) 105 FLR 25; R v Butler (No 1) (1991) 57 A Crim R 451; R v Ninnal (1992) 109 FLR 203; R v Echo (1997) 6 NTLR 51; but see also Dumoo v Gardner (1998) 7 NTLR 129.

29 November 1993, CA Qld, unreported.

Hunter Cameron Henning , above n 6, 1279.

See, for instance, Eades Diana , ‘Legal recognition of cultural differences in communication: The case of Robyn Kina’ (1996) 16(3) Language and Communication 215–227.

McRae , above n 1, 545–7.

(2001) 206 CLR 650.

Evidence Act 1995 (NSW and other uniform jurisdictions) s 55.

Biber Katherine , Captive Images: Race, Crime, Photography (2007); Edmond Gary , ‘Law's Looking Glass: Expert identification evidence derived from photographic and video images’ (2009) 20(3) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 337.

Mack , above n 7, 60.

Ibid 61.

Ibid 59.

Ibid 65.

Biber , above n 24. See also Biber Katherine , ‘The spectre of crime: Photography, law and ethics’ (2006) 16(1) Social Semiotics 133; Biber Katherine , ‘The Hooded Bandit: Aboriginality, Photography and Criminality in Smith v The Queen’ (2002) 3(3) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 286.

Palmer Andrew , ‘A Proof-oriented Model of Evidence Teaching’ (2002) 13 Legal Education Review 109, 117.

See, for example, Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Regulations 2005 (NSW) Reg 24(d) and subsequent provisions.

Australian Law Reform Commission, Review of the Uniform Evidence Acts, ALRC Discussion Paper 69 (2005).

Australian Law Reform Commission, Uniform Evidence Laws, ALRC Report 102, Final Report (2005).

Ibid [5.14].

Ibid [5.15].

Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd (1971) FLR 141, 171; De Rose v South Australia [2002] FCA 1342, [252].

Evidence Act 1995 (NSW and other uniform jurisdictions) s 29.

Section 29(2). In jurisdictions that already had the uniform Acts in force, the amendment commenced in 2009. In Victoria, the Act commenced operating in 2010.

It should be noted that, prior to the amendments, the Evidence Acts already contained a power for a judge to control the questioning of witnesses: s 26, and so the amendment to s 29 supplements that power, and draws specific attention to questioning in ‘narrative form’. See Eades (2008), above n 12.

Australian Law Reform Commission, The Recognition of Aboriginal Customary Laws, ALRC Report 31, Final Report (1986).

ALRC Report 102, above n 33, [19.11].

In jurisdictions where the Evidence Act was already operating, the new provisions commenced in 2009; in Victoria the Act commenced operating in 2010.

Evidence Act 1995 (NSW and other uniform jurisdictions) s 128(1). The Dictionary of the Evidence Act defines ‘Australian law’ to mean ‘a law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory’, and cl.9 of Part 2 of the Dictionary further states: ‘(1) A reference in this Act to a law of the Commonwealth, a State, a Territory or a foreign country is a reference to a law (whether written or unwritten) of or in force in that place. (2) A reference in this Act to an Australian law is a reference to an Australian law (whether written or unwritten) of or in force in Australia’.

In ALRC Report 102, above n 33, [19.111].

Ibid [19.113].

Ibid [19.117] and [19.125–6].

Ibid [19.127].