The purpose of this study was to further assess measures of validity for the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS)- Spanish Version on sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. The convenience sample consisted of 150 Hispanic mothers from New England and Texas. Each woman first completed the PDSS-Spanish Version followed by a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) diagnostic interview. For analysis purposes, the Hispanic women were divided into three subgroups: Puerto Rican/Caribbean (n = 68), Mexican (n = 64), and Central/South American (n = 18). For the three subgroups, the PDSS total score alpha reliabilities were .96, .95, and .95, respectively. Based on the reciever operating characterisitc (ROC) curve analysis, a cutoff score of 60 is recommended as a positive screen for combined major and minor depression. This cutoff point obtained a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 84%. When compared to the original English version of the PDSS, the psychometrics for the Spanish version were slightly lower but well within the acceptable range.
Affonso, D. D., De, A. K., Horowitz, J. A., & Mayberry, L. J. (2000). An international study exploring levels of postpartum depressive symptomatology. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49, 207-216.
2.
Bachu, A., & O’Connell, M. (2000). Fertility of American women: June 1998 (U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Reports, Series P 20-526). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
3.
Beck, C. T. (1992). The lived experience of postpartum depression: A phenomenological study. Nursing Research, 41, 166-170.
4.
Beck, C. T. (1993). Teetering on the edge: A substantive theory of postpartum depression. Nursing Research, 42, 42-48.
5.
Beck, C. T. (1996). Postpartum depressed mothers’ experiences interacting with their children. Nursing Research, 45, 98-104.
6.
Beck, C. T. (2001). Predictors of postpartum depression: An update. Nursing Research, 50, 275-285.
7.
Beck, C. T., Bernal, H., & Froman, R. D. (2003). Methods to document semantic equivalence of a translated scale. Research in Nursing and Health, 26, 64-73.
8.
Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2000). Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: Development and psychometric testing. Nursing Research, 49, 272-282.
9.
Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2001). Further validation of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale. Nursing Research, 50, 155-164.
10.
Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2002). Postpartum Depression Screening Scale manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
11.
Beck, C. T., & Gable, R. K. (2003). Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: Spanish version. Nursing Research, 52, 296-306.
12.
Beck, C. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). BDI-II manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
13.
Bernal, H., Wooley, S., & Schensul, J. J. (1997). The challenge of using Likert type scales with low-literate ethnic populations. Nursing Research, 46, 179-181.
14.
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
15.
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782-786.
16.
Da-Silva, V. A., Moraes-Santos, A. R., Carvalho, M. S., Martins, M. L., & Teixeira, N. A. (1998). Prenatal and postnatal depression among low-income Brazilian women. British Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 31, 799-804.
17.
Davis, R. E., & Flannery, D. D. (2001). Designing health information delivery systems for Puerto Rican Women. Health, Education and Behavior, 28, 680-695.
18.
Doyle, A. E., Biederman, J., Seidman, L. J., Weber, W., & Faraone, F. V. (2000). Diagnostic efficiency of neuropsychological test scores for discriminating boys with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 477-488.
19.
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. (1997). User’s guide for the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
20.
Froman, R. D., & Owen, S. V. (2001). Instrumentation concerns for multicultural research. In N. Chaska (Ed.), The nursing professions: Tomorrow’s vision (pp. 397-405). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
21.
Garcia-Esteve, L., Ascaso, C., Ojuel, J., & Navarro, P. (2003). Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in Spanish mothers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75, 71-76.
22.
Gil, R. M. (1996). Hispanic women and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 789, 147-159.
23.
Heilemann, M. S., Frutos, L., Lee, K. A., & Kury, F. S. (2004). Protective strength factors, resources, and risks in relation to depressive symptoms among childbearing women of Mexican descent. Health Care for Women International, 25, 88-106.
24.
Hendrickson, S. G. (2003). Beyond translation... cultural fit. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 25, 5993-5608.
25.
Jadresic, E., Araya, R., & Jara, C. (1995). Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in Chilean postpartum women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 16, 187-191.
26.
Kessel, J. B., & Zimmerman, M. (1993). Reporting errors in studies of the diagnostic performance of self-administered questionnaires: Extent of the problem, recommendations for standardized presentation of results, and implications for the peer review process. Psychological Assessment, 5, 395-399.
27.
Leadbeater, B., & Linares, O. (1992). Depressive symptoms in Black and Puerto Rican adolescent mothers in the first 3 years postpartum. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 451-468.
28.
Malek, L. L., Connolly, T. P., & Knaus, J. V. (2001). Cultural aspects of postpartum depressive symptoms: An urban Hispanic population. Clinical Journal of Women’s Health, 1, 273-278.
29.
Martinez-Schallmoser, L., Telleen, S., & MacMullen, N. J. (2003). The effect of social support and acculturation on postpartum depression in Mexican American women. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14, 329-338.
30.
Moore, P., & Hepworth, J. T. (1994). Use of perinatal and infant health services by Mexican-American Medicaid enrollees. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 297-304.
31.
Radloff, L. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
32.
Sherraden, M. S., & Barrera, R. E. (1996). Poverty, family support, and well-being of infants: Mexican immigrant women and childbearing. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 23, 27-54.
33.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
34.
Timmins, C. L. (2002). The impact of language barriers on the health care of Latinos in the United States: A review of the literature and guidelines for practice. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 47, 80-96.
35.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2000). Projections of the resident population by race, Hispanic origin and nativity: Middle series, 2050 to 2070 and 2075 to 2100. Retrieved August 20, 2003, from http://www.census.gov/population
36.
Van der Leden, M. (1992). Perinatal emotional symptomatology. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.
37.
Weinberg, M. K., Tronick, E. Z., Beeghly, M., Olson, K. L., Kernan, H., & Riley, J. M. (2001). Subsyndromal depressive symptoms and major depression in postpartum women. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71, 87-97.
38.
Wolf, A. W., DeAndraca, I., & Lozoff, B. (2002). Maternal depression in three Latin American samples. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37, 169-176.
39.
Yonkers, K. A., Ramin, S. M., Rush, A. J., Navarrete, C. A., Carmody, T., March, D., et al. (2001). Onset and persistence of postpartum depression in an inner-city maternal health clinic system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1856-1863.
