Numerical simulation of the behavior of steel T-stubs connected by Fe-based shape memory alloy bolts

Abstract

The article focuses on the numerical simulation of the thermomechanical behavior of steel T-stubs connected by iron-based shape memory alloys bolts. The three-dimensional macroscopic model used in this work was previously developed by the authors considering different thermomechanical properties between austenite and martensite, and coupling between phase transformation and plasticity. The model is implemented in a UMAT code using an implicit time-discrete integration scheme that follows a “multisurface plasticity”-like approach. The numerical results show that the shape memory effect can be used to preload the bolt if the initial length of its shank is less than the total thickness of the flanges. For an initial shank length of 21.38 mm and a total flange thickness of 21.4 mm, the shape memory effect produced average contact forces of 101 N between the bolt head and the flange, and 37 N between the two flanges. The resulting average contact pressures were 210 and 25 MPa, respectively. The average bolt force after preload was approximately 22.6 kN. Subsequent application of 2 mm normal displacements at the top and bottom faces of the upper and lower webs induced local plastic deformation around the flange holes and phase transformation in the bolt. The reversibility of martensitic transformation and the confinement of the plastic deformation in a limited zone around the holes allowed nearly complete shape recovery by heating. The obtained results highlight the advantage of using low-cost iron-based shape memory alloys as alternatives to steel bolts for connecting T-stubs.

Keywords

T-stub shape memory alloys shape memory effect plastic deformation finite element analysis

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Cissé

Zaki

Ben Zineb

(2015) A model for iron-based shape memory alloys considering variable elastic stiffness and coupling between plasticity and phase transformation. In: ASME 2015 conference on smart materials, adaptive structures and intelligent systems, Colorado Springs, CO, 21–26 September, p. V001T03A012. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Cissé

Zaki

Ben Zineb

(2016a) A review of constitutive models and modeling techniques for shape memory alloys. International Journal of Plasticity 76: 244–284.

Cissé

Zaki

Ben Zineb

(2016b) A review of modeling techniques for advanced effects in shape memory alloy behavior. Smart Materials and Structures 25(10): 103001.

Cissé

Zaki

Ben Zineb

(2017a) Finite element analysis of a 3D Fe-based SMA cellular beam with highly heterogeneous stress and strain distributions. In: SPIE 2017 conference on smart structures and materials, nondestructive evaluation and health monitoring, Portland, OR, 25–29 March, p. 101650E, vol. 10165. Bellingham, WA: SPIE.

Cissé

Zaki

et al . (2017b) A nonlinear 3D model for iron-based shape memory alloys considering different thermomechanical properties for austenite and martensite and coupling between transformation and plasticity. Mechanics of Materials 107: 1–21.

Cladera

Weber

Leinenbach

et al . (2014) Iron-based shape memory alloys for civil engineering structures: an overview. Construction and Building Materials 63: 281–293.

EN (2005) Eurocode 3: design of steel structures-part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings.

Goliboroda

Rusinko

Tanaka

(1999) Description of an Fe-based shape memory alloy thermomechanical behavior in terms of the synthetic model. Computational Materials Science 13(4): 218–226.

Jemal

Bouraoui

Ben Zineb

et al . (2009) Modelling of martensitic transformation and plastic slip effects on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of Fe-based shape memory alloys. Mechanics of Materials 41(7): 849–856.

10.

Kajiwara

(1999) Characteristic features of shape memory effect and related transformation behavior in Fe-based alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A 273: 67–88.

11.

Khalil

Mikolajczak

Bouby

et al . (2012) A constitutive model for Fe-based shape memory alloy considering martensitic transformation and plastic sliding coupling: application to a finite element structural analysis. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23: 1143–1160.

12.

Lazghab

(2005) One-dimensional shape memory alloy model with plastic deformation effects. In: ICOMAT, Shanghai, China, 14–17 June.

13.

Maruyama

Kurita

Kozaki

et al . (2008) Innovation in producing crane rail fishplate using Fe–Mn–Si–Cr based shape memory alloy. Materials Science and Technology 24(8): 908–912.

14.

Nishimura

Liedl

Werner

(2003) Simulation of martensitic transformations in TRIP-steel and Fe-based shape memory alloy. Computational Materials Science 26: 189–196.

15.

Sawaguchi

Kikuchi

Ogawa

et al . (2006) Development of prestressed concrete using Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys containing NbC. Materials Transactions 47(3): 580–583.

16.

Sawaguchi

Maruyama

Otsuka

et al . (2016) Design concept and applications of Fe–Mn–Si-based alloys from shape memory to seismic response control. Materials Transactions 57(3): 283–293.

17.

Shahverdi

Czaderski

Annen

et al . (2016) Strengthening of RC beams by iron-based shape memory alloy bars embedded in a shotcrete layer. Engineering Structures 117: 263–273.

18.

Tanahashi

Maruyama

Kubo

(1994) Applications of Fe-Mn-Si alloy for pipe joints. 18B: 1149–1154.

19.

Watanabe

Wakatsuki

Sato

et al . (2007) Bending strength of Fe–Mn–Si–Cr shape memory alloy machining chips reinforced smart composite. In: 16th international conference on composite materials (ICCM).

20.

Wen

Peng

Raabe

et al . (2014) Large recovery strain in Fe-Mn-Si-based shape memory steels obtained by engineering annealing twin boundaries. Nature Communications 5: 4964.

21.

Yang

Tan

(2012) Robustness of bolted-angle connections against progressive collapse: experimental tests of beam-column joints and development of component-based models. Journal of Structural Engineering 139(9): 1498–1514.