Theoretical and numerical analysis of acoustic emission guided waves released during crack propagation

Abstract

This article presents a theoretical and numerical analysis of guided wave released during an acoustic emission event using excitation potentials. Theoretical formulation showed that guided wave generated using excitation potentials follows the Rayleigh–Lamb equation. The numerical studies predict the out-of-plane displacement of acoustic emission guided wave on the plate surface at some distance away from the source. Parameter studies were performed to evaluate the effect of (1) pressure and shear potentials acting alone and in combination, (2) plate thickness, (3) source depth, (4) rise time, and (5) propagating distance away from the source. Numerical results showed that peak amplitude of S0 signal increases with increasing plate thickness, whereas the peak amplitude of A0 signal initially decreases and then increases with increasing plate thickness. Regarding the source depth, it was found that peak amplitude of S0 signal decreases and A0 signal increases with increasing source depth. Peak time showed a notable contribution to the low-frequency component of A0 signal. There were large losses in S0 and A0 peak signal amplitude over the propagation distance from 100 to 500 mm.

Keywords

Acoustic emission crack propagation guided wave Lamb wave Helmholtz potentials structural health monitoring non-destructive testing

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Achenbach

(2003) Reciprocity in Elastodynamics, Cambridge Monographs on Mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Aki

Richards

(2002) Quantitative Seismology. 1st ed. Sausalito, CA: University Science Books.

Bai

Zhu

Shah

et al . (2004) Three-dimensional steady state Green function for a layered isotropic plate. Journal of Sound and Vibration 269(1–2): 251–271.

Bassim

Lawrence

Liu

(1994) Detection of the onset of fatigue crack growth in rail steels using acoustic emission. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 47(2): 207–214.

Cuadra

Vanniamparambil

Servansky

et al . (2015) Acoustic emission source modeling using a data-driven approach. Journal of Sound and Vibration 341: 222–236.

Fischer-Cripps

(2007) Introduction to Contact Mechanics. New York: Springer.

Giurgiutiu

(2014) Structural Health Monitoring with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Books.

Graff

(1975) Wave Motion in Elastic Solids. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Haider

Giurgiutiu

(2017a) A Helmholtz potential approach to the analysis of guided wave generation during acoustic emission events. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Engineering Systems 1(2): Article 021002.

10.

Haider

Giurgiutiu

(2017b) Full derivation of the Helmholtz potential approach to the analysis of guided wave generation during acoustic emission events (USC-ME-LAMSS-2001-101). Available at: http://www.me.sc.edu/Research/lamss/html/reports.html

11.

Haider

Giurgiutiu

(2018) Analysis of axis symmetric circular crested elastic wave generated during crack propagation in a plate: a Helmholtz potential technique. International Journal of Solids and Structures 134: 130–150.

12.

Haider

Giurgiutiu

Lin

et al . (2017) Simulation of lamb wave propagation using excitation potentials. In: ASME 2017 pressure vessels and piping conference. Available at: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=2660652

13.

Hamstad

(2010) Frequencies and amplitudes of AE signals in a plate as a function of source rise time. In: 29th European conference on acoustic emission testing. Available at: https://www.ndt.net/events/EWGAE%202010/proceedings/papers/20_Hamstad.pdf

14.

Hamstad

O’Gallagher

Gary

(1999) Modeling of buried monopole and dipole sources of acoustic emission with a finite element technique. Journal of Acoustic Emission 17(3–4): 97–110.

15.

Han

B-H

Yoon

D-J

Huh

Y-H

et al . (2014) Damage assessment of wind turbine blade under static loading test using acoustic emission. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 25(5): 621–630.

16.

Harris

Dunegan

(1974) Continuous monitoring of fatigue-crack growth by acoustic-emission techniques. Experimental Mechanics 14(2): 71–81.

17.

Helmholtz

(1858) Über Integrale der hydrodynamischen Gleichungen, welche den Wirbelbewegungen entsprechen. Journal Fur Die Reine Und Angewandte Mathematik 1858(55): 25–55.

18.

Hill

Forsyth

Macey

(2004) Finite element modelling of ultrasound, with reference to transducers and AE waves. Ultrasonics 42: 253–258.

19.

Johnson

(1974) Green’s function for Lamb’s problem. Geophysical Journal International 37(1): 99–131.

20.

Lamb

(1917) On waves in an elastic plate. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 93(648): 114–128.

21.

Landau

Lifschitz

(1970) Theory of Elasticity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

22.

Love

AEH

(1944) A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. New York: Dover Publications.

23.

Ohtsu

(1995) Acoustic emission theory for moment tensor analysis. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation 6(3): 169–184.

24.

Ohtsu

Ono

(1986) The generalized theory and source representation of acoustic emission. Journal of Acoustic Emission 5(4): 124–133.

25.

Pao

(1978) Theory of Acoustic Emission. Elastic Waves and Nondestructive Testing of Materials AMD-Vol. 29:107–128.

26.

Roberts

Talebzadeh

(2003) Acoustic emission monitoring of fatigue crack propagation. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 59(6): 695–712.

27.

Tandon

Choudhury

(1999) A review of vibration and acoustic measurement methods for the detection of defects in rolling element bearings. Tribology International 32(8): 469–480.

28.

Viktorov

(1967) Rayleigh and Lamb Waves: Physical Theory and Applications. New York: Plenum Press.