It Makes a Difference

Anderson R. 1974. Notes of a survivor. In The patient, death and the family, edited by Troop S. B. and Green W. A. , 773–82. New York: Scribner.

Belenky M. Clinchey B. Goldberger N. , and Tarule J. . 1996. Women's ways of knowing. New York: Basic Books.

Bowlby J. 1961. Processes of mourning. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 44:317.

Bruner J. 1989. The act of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Campbell L. Silverman P. R. , and Patti P. . 1991. Reunions between adoptees and birth parents: The adoptee's experience. Social Work, 36: 329–335.

Campbell S. , and Silverman P. R. . 1996. Widower: When men are left alone. New York: Baywood.

Caplan G. 1964. Principles of preventive psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.

Clinchy B. 1996. Connected and separate knowing: Toward a marriage of two minds. In Knowledge difference and power, edited by Goldberger N. Tarule J. Clinchy B. , and Belenky M. . New York: Basic Books.

Clinchy B. , and Zimmerman C. . 1982. Epistemology and agency in the development of undergraduate women. In The undergraduate women: Issues in education equity, edited by Perun P. . Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.

Cook J. 1988. Dad's double bind: Rethinking father's bereavement from a women's studies perspective. Journal of Ethnography 17 (30): 285–308.

Gilligan C. 1979. Women's place in man's life cycle. Harvard Educational Review 449:431–46.

Gilligan C. 1982. In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Glaser B. , and Strauss A. . 1967. The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.

Goffman E. 1961. Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Garden City: Anchor.

Kegan R. 1983. The evolving self. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Keller E. F. 1983. Reflections on gender and science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Lindemann E. 1944. Symptomology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry CI:142.

Megehan D. 2000. Re-engineering MIT. Boston Globe Magazine, 28 May, pp. 13, 19.

Miller J. B. 1976. Towards a new psychology of women. Boston: Beacon.

Neimeyer R. 1997. Meaning reconstruction and the experience of chronic loss. In Living with grief when illness is prolonged, edited by Doka K. J. and Davidson J. , 159–76. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.

Nickman S. L. Silverman P. R. , and Normand C. . 1998. Children's construction of their deceased parent: The surviving parent's contribution. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 68 (1): 126–41.

Normand C. Silverman P. R. , and Nickman S. L. . 1996. Bereaved children's changing relationship with the deceased. In Continuing bonds: New understanding of grief, edited by Klass D. Silverman P. R. Nickman S. L. , 87–111. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.

Pincus L. 1974. Death and the family: The importance of mourning. New York: Pantheon.

Plato's Theadidus. ca. fifth century bce. 1934. Translated by Cornford F. M. . Indianapolis, IN: Bob Merrill.

Reinharz S. , and Rowles G. , eds. 1988. Qualitative gerontology. New York: Springer.

Silverman P. R. 1966. Services for the widowed during the period of bereavement. Social Work Practice. New York: Columbia University Press.

Silverman P. R. 1969a. Study of spoiled helping: Clients who drop out of psychiatric treatment. Ph.D. diss., Brandeis University.

Silverman P. R. 1969b. The widow-to-widow program: An experiment in preventive intervention. Mental Hygiene 53:333–37.

Silverman P. R. 1970. The widow as caregiver in a program of preventive intervention with other widows. Mental Hygiene 54 (4): 540–47. (Reprinted in Support Systems and Mental Help, edited by Caplan G. and Killilia M. . New York: Grune and Stratton, 1976; and in Human adaptation: Coping with life crisis, edited by Moos R. H. . Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1976.)

Silverman P. R. 1974. Anticipatory grief from the perspective of widowhood. In Anticipatory grief, edited by Schonberg B. New York: Columbia University Press.

Silverman P. R. 1977. If you will lift the load: A guide to the creation of widowed to widowed services. New York: Jewish Funeral Directors of America.

Silverman P. R. 1978. Mutual help groups and the role of the mental health professional, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, NIMH, DHEW Publication No. (ADM) 78-646.

Silverman P. R. 1979a. Mutual help: An alternate network. In Women in midlife—Security and fulfillment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. House of Rep., Select Committee on Aging, Comm. Pub. No. 95-170.

Silverman P. R. 1979b. Mutual help groups for widowhood. In Primary prevention: An idea whose time has come, edited by Klein D. and Goldstone S. . Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, Department of HEW, ADAMHA.

Silverman P. R. 1980. Mutual help: Organization and development. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Silverman P. R. 1981a. Helping women cope with grief. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Silverman P. R. 1981b. The mental health consultant as a linking agent. In Community support systems, edited by Atarasak and Biegel . Baltimore: Springer.

Silverman P. R. 1982. Transitions and models of intervention. In Annals of the academy of political and social science [special issues on transitions, edited by Berado Felix ] 462:174–87. Silverman P. R. 1985. Preventive intervention: The case for mutual help groups. In The group worker's handbook: Varieties of group experience, edited by Conyne Robert K. . Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.

Silverman P. R. 1986a. The perils of borrowing: Role of the professional in mutual help groups [invited lead article in special issue]. Journal for Specialists in Group Work (May).

Silverman P. R. 1986b. Widow to widow. New York: Springer.

Silverman P. R. 1987a. Impact of parental death on college age women. In Psychiatric Clinics of North America 10 (3): 387–404.

Silverman P. R. 1987b. Mutual help groups. In Encyclopedia of social work, 18th ed.

Silverman P. R. 1987c. Widowhood as the next stage in the life cycle. In Widows: North America, edited by Lopata Helena Z. . Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Silverman P. R. 1988a. In search of selves: Accommodating to widowhood. In Families in transition: Primary prevention programs that work, edited by Bond L. A. . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Silverman P. R. 1988b. Research as process: Exploring the meaning of widowhood. In Qualitative gerontology, edited by Reinharz S. and Rowles G. . New York: Springer.

Silverman P. R. 1995a. Helping the bereaved through social support and mutual help. In A challenge for living: Dying, death and bereavement, edited by Corless I. Germino B. , and Pittman M. . Boston: Jones and Bartlett.

Silverman P. R. (with Weiner A. and El Ad N. ). 1995b. Parent-child communication in Israeli bereaved families. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying 31 (4): 275–93.

Silverman P. R. 2000a. Never too young to know: Death in children's lives. New York: Oxford University Press.

Silverman P. R. 2000b. When parents die. In Living with grief, edited by Doka K. . Washington, DC: Bruner Mazel and Hospice Foundation of America.

Silverman P. R. 2000c. Research, clinical practice and the human experience: Putting the pieces studies together [invited paper for special issue]. Death Studies 24(6): 469–478.

Silverman P. R. Campbell L. , and Patti P. . 1994. Reunions between adoptees and birthparents: The adoptive parent's experience. Social Work 39 (5): 542–49.

Silverman P. R. Campbell L. Patti P. , and Briggs C. . 1988. Reunions between adoptees and birth parents: The birth parent's experience. Social Work 33 (6): 523–28.

Silverman P. R. Campbell L. Patti P. , and Style C. B. . 1988. Reunions between adoptees and birth parents: The birth parents' experience. Social Work 33 (6): 523–27.

Silverman P. R. , and Cooperband A. . 1976. Mutual help and the elderly widow. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.

Silverman P. R. and Englander S. . 1975. A widow's view of her dependent children. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 6: 3–20.

Silverman P. R. , and Klass D. . 1996. Introduction: What's the problem? In Continuing bonds: A new understanding of grief, edited by Klass D. Silverman P. R. , and Nickman S. . Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.

Silverman P. R. Mackenzie D. Pettipas M. , and Wilson E. , eds. 1975. Helping each other in widowhood. New York: Health Sciences Publishing.

Silverman P. R. , and Morrow H. . 1976. Mutual help during critical role transitions. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 12 (3): 410–18.

Silverman P. R. , and Nickman S. L. . 1996. Children's construction of their dead parent. In Continuing bonds: A new understanding of grief, edited by Klass D. Silverman P. R. , and Nickman S. . Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.

Silverman P. R. , and Worden J. W. . 1992a. Children's reactions in the early months after the death of a parent. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 62 (1): 93–104.

Silverman P. R. , and Worden J. W. . 1992b. Children's understanding of the funeral. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying 25 (4): 319–31.

Silverman P. R. , and Worden J. W. . 1993. Children's reactions to the death of a parent. In Bereavement: A sourcebook of research and intervention, edited by Stroebe M. Stroebe W. , and Hansson R. . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Silverman S. M. 1979. The clouded crystal ball: Comments on geophysical prediction. In Donelly R. F. editor, Solar-terrestrial predictions workshop: Vol. 2, pp. 722–733. Washington, DC: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Silverman S. M. and Silverman P. R. 1979. Parent-child communication in widowed families. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 33, 428–441.

Tannen D. 1990. You just don't understand: Men and women in conversation. New York: Morrow.

Tyhurst J. 1958. The role of transition states—Including disasters in mental illness. In Symposium on preventive and social psychiatry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Vachon M.L.S. 1979. Identity change over the first two years of bereavement: Social relationships and social support. Ph.D. diss., York University, Toronto.

Vachon M.L.S. Sheldon A. R. Lancee W. J. Lyall W.A.L. Rogers J. , and Freeman S.J.J. . 1980. A controlled study of self help intervention for widows. American Journal of Psychiatry 137:1380–84.

White M. , and Epston D. . 1990. Narrative means of therapeutic ends. New York: Norton.