Abstract
Objective:
The goals of this research are (1) to establish normative nasalance values for bilingual Mandarin–English speakers and compare values to those of previously reported monolingual Mandarin speakers, and (2) to examine whether sex, age, dialect, and language proficiency affect levels of nasalance among Mandarin–English speakers in both English and Mandarin.
Design:
All participants recorded the speech stimuli, constructed to include oral sentences, nasal sentences, oronasal sentences, and vowels /ɑ, i, u/ in Mandarin and English. Nasalance measurements were recorded using the Nasometer II 6450.
Participants and Setting:
A total of 45 (20 males and 25 females) native Mandarin speakers between 20 and 54 years of age from mainland China participated in the study.
Results:
Mean nasalance scores of the Mandarin oral sentence (Mean [M] = 17.64, standard deviation [SD] = 7.33), oronasal sentence (M = 54.62, SD = 7.81), and nasal sentence (M = 68.73, SD = 8.09) are reported. Mean nasalance scores of the English oral sentence (M = 20.02, SD = 7.83), oronasal sentence (M = 58.71, SD = 7.59), and nasal sentence (M = 65.27, SD = 7.45) are reported. A repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant sex difference in nasalance scores for English stimuli (P = .031) and Mandarin stimuli (P = .040). There was no significant effects of age, dialect, and language proficiency on Mandarin or English stimuli.
Conclusions:
This is the first study to report normative values for Mandarin–English speakers using the Nasometer II. Values reported can be used for objective assessment of bilingual speakers.
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