Exploring Informal Social Support Experiences and Coping Strategies in Families Raising a Child with an Intellectual Disability

Background: This scoping review systematically explores the evidence-based literature concerning the experiences and coping strategies of families raising children with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Objectives: The primary objective of this scoping review was to comprehensively examine the existing literature on the informal social support experiences of families with a child having an ID and to identify the challenges and coping strategies they employ, particularly emphasizing the social support needs of these families. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify pertinent studies. The inclusion criteria encompassed empirical research and theoretical literature exploring the experiences of families raising a child with an ID and the coping mechanisms employed. A thorough examination of selected studies was conducted to extract and synthesize key findings related to these families’ psychological, economic, and social challenges, as well as the strategies employed to seek social support. Results: The scoping review reveals a substantial body of evidence indicating that parents of children with IDs frequently encounter negative and overwhelming experiences, including psychological, economic, and social distress. This synthesis provides a foundation for understanding that the early adoption of coping mechanisms becomes crucial in navigating the difficulties of raising a child with an ID. The importance of family unity and shared responsibilities cannot be emphasized. In resource-constrained nations, informal social assistance becomes a lifeline, meeting the needs of the child's development and providing support to the parents on this unique journey. Conclusions: Although it is challenging to raise a child with an ID, early coping skills are essential, and unofficial social support is invaluable, especially in countries with low resources. Contributions: Synthesizing existing literature contributes valuable insights into coping mechanisms utilized by these families, offering a comprehensive understanding of their coping strategies and support networks. This scoping review underscores the importance of acknowledging and enhancing informal social support systems to address families’ unique needs in similar circumstances.