This article describes assessments of work-relevant abilities, interests, and values and how the World-of-Work Map (WWM) can be used to link them to (a) each other, (b) Holland’s hexagon, (c) basic work tasks, (d) occupational groups, and (e) occupations. The assessments and their linkage procedures, which are implemented in the Career Planning Survey and DISCOVER (a computer-based service), are intended for use with persons in the early stages of career planning or replanning. A case study illustrates how results of the assessments are integrated and linked to career options. Then, the theory, practical considerations, and research supporting the career counseling use of self-estimates of work-relevant abilities are discussed. Next, the three assessment instruments are described, and the research contributing to the WWM’s 2000 update is summarized. Finally, an aid is provided for using the WWM with any assessments of Holland’s types (e.g., those discussed in this journal issue).
Abe, C., & Holland, J. L. (1965). A description of college freshmen: II. Students with different vocational choices (ACT Research Report No. 4). Iowa City, IA: American College Testing.
2.
ACT
. (1999). Research support for DISCOVER assessment components. Iowa City, IA: Author.
3.
ACT
. (2000). Career Planning Survey technical manual. Iowa City, IA: Author.
4.
American College Testing
. (1988). Interim psychometric handbook for the 3rd edition ACT Career Planning Program. Iowa City, IA: Author.
5.
Anastasi, A.
, & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological testing (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
6.
Betz, N. E.
, Borgen, F. H., & Harmon, L. W. (1996). Skills Confidence Inventory: Applications and technical guide. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
7.
Campbell, D. P.
, Hyne, S. A., & Nilsen, D. L. (1992). Manual for the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
8.
Dawis, R. V.
(1991). Vocational interests, values, and preferences. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial-organizational psychology (Vol. 2, 2nd ed., pp. 833-871). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
9.
Dawis, R. V.
(2001). Toward a psychology of values. The Counseling Psychologist, 29, 458-465.
10.
Dawis, R. V.
, & Lofquist, L. H. (1984). A psychosocial theory of work adjustment. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
11.
Day, S. X.
, Rounds, J., & Swaney, K. (1998). The structure of vocational interests for diverse racial-ethnic groups. Psychological Science, 9, 40-44.
12.
Dictionary of Occupational Titles [Electronic data file: DOTFILE.DOC]. (1999). Des Moines, IA: NOICC Crosswalk and Data Center [Producer and Distributor].
13.
Harrington, J. C.
, & Harrington, T. F. (1996). Ability Explorer: Preliminary technical manual. Chicago: Riverside.
14.
Holland, J. L.
(1994). Self-Directed Search: Form R assessment booklet. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
15.
Holland, J. L.
(1997). Making vocational choices (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
16.
Jones, L. K.
(1996). Job skills for the 21st century: A guide for students. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx.
17.
Kapes, J. T.
, Mastie, M. M., & Whitfield, E. A. (Eds.). (1994). A counselor’s guide to career assessment instruments (3rd ed.). Alexandria, VA: National Career Development Association.
18.
Kuder, F.
(1977). Activity interests and occupational choice. Chicago: Science Research Associates.
19.
Lichtenberg, J. W.
, Shaffer, M., & Arachtingi, B. M. (1993). Expected utility and sequential elimination models of career decision making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 42, 237-252.
20.
Mabe, P. A., III
, & West, S. G. (1982). Validity of self-evaluation ability: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 280-296.
21.
Miller, M.
(1985). Counseling Region 99 clients. Journal of Employment Counseling, 22, 70-77.
22.
Mumford, M. D.
, Peterson, N .G., & Childs, R. A. (1999). Basic and cross-functional skills. In N. G. Peterson, M. D. Mumford, W. C. Borman, P. R. Jeanneret, & E. A. Fleishman (Eds.), An occupational information system for the 21st century: The development of O*NET (pp. 49-69). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
23.
Norris, L.
, & Cochran, D. J. (1977). The SIGI prediction system: Predicting college grades with and without tests. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 10, 134-140.
24.
Nurusis, M. J.
(1990). SPSS advanced statistics user’s guide. Chicago: SPSS.
25.
Osberg, T. M.
, & Shrauger, J. S. (1990). The role of self-prediction in psychological assessment. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 8, pp. 97-120). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
26.
Peterson, N. G.
, Mumford, M. D., Borman, W. C., Jeanneret, P. R., & Fleishman, E. A. (1999). An occupational information system for the 21st century: The development of O*NET. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
27.
Prediger, D. J.
(1981). Mapping occupations and interests: A graphic aid for vocational guidance and research. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 30, 21-36.
28.
Prediger, D. J.
(1982). Dimensions underlying Holland’s hexagon: Missing link between interests and occupations?Journal of Vocational Behavior, 21, 259-287.
29.
Prediger, D. J.
(1989). Ability differences across occupations: More than g. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 34, 1-27.
30.
Prediger, D. J.
(1996). Alternative dimensions for the Tracey-Rounds interest sphere. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48, 59-67.
31.
Prediger, D. J.
(1998). Is interest profile level relevant to career counseling?Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 204-211.
32.
Prediger, D. J.
(1999a). Basic structure of work-relevant abilities. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 178-184.
33.
Prediger, D. J.
(1999b). Integrating interests and abilities for career exploration: General considerations. In M. L. Savickas & A. R. Spokane (Eds.), Vocational interests: Their meaning, measurement, and counseling use (pp. 295-325). Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
34.
Prediger, D. J.
(2002). Career planning validity of self-estimates and test-estimates of work-relevant abilities: Manuscript submitted for publication.
35.
Prediger, D. J., & Staples, J. G. (1996). Linking occupational attribute preferences to occupations (ACT Research Report No. 96-3). Iowa City, IA: American College Testing.
36.
Prediger, D. J.
, & Swaney, K. B. (1995). Using UNIACT in a comprehensive approach to assessment for career planning. Journal of Career Assessment, 3, 429-451.
37.
Prediger, D. J.
, Swaney, K., & Mau, W-C. (1993). Extending Holland’s hexagon: Procedures, counseling applications, and research. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 422-428.
38.
Prediger, D. J.
, & Vansickle, T. (1992). Locating occupations on Holland’s hexagon: Beyond RIASEC. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 40, 111-128.
Rounds, J.
, Smith, T., Hubert, L., Lewis, P., & Rivkin, D. (1998). Development of occupational interest profiles (OIPs) for the O*NET. Raleigh, NC: Southern Assessment Research and Development Center, Employment Security Commission of North Carolina.
41.
Super, D. E.
(1957). The psychology of careers. New York: Harper & Brothers.
42.
Super, D. E.
(1995). Values: Their nature, assessment, and practical use. In D. E. Super & B. Šverko (Eds.), Life roles, values, and careers: International findings of the Work Importance Study (pp. 54-61). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
43.
Swaney, K. B.
(1995). Technical manual: Revised Unisex Edition of the ACT Interest Inventory (UNIACT). Iowa City, IA: ACT.
44.
Tracey, T. J. G.
(1997). The structure of interests and self-efficacy expectations: An expanded examination of the spherical model of interests. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 32-43.
45.
Tracey, T. J. G.
, & Hopkins, H. (2001). Correspondence of interests and abilities with occupational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 178-189.
46.
U.S. Department of Defense
. (1995). Counselor manual for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Career Exploration Program. North Chicago, IL: U.S. Military Entrance Processing Command.
47.
U.S. Department of Labor
. (1991). Dictionary of occupational titles (4th ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
48.
U.S. Department of Labor
. (1992). Skills and tasks for jobs: A SCANS report for America 2000 (Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
