The Shetland Islands: A Bibliographic Survey of Printed Material on Ethnography,Folk Life,Folklore and Local History

Anderson, George and Peter Anderson 1834 Guide to the Highlands and Islands of Scotland Including Orkney and Zetland London: John Murray. 12, 759 pp., maps.

1842 Guide to the Highlands of Scotland Including Orkney and Zetland New Edition. Edinburgh: William Tait. 744 pp.

1850 Third edition, carefully revised, enlarged, and remodeled Edinburgh : A. and C. Black. 11, 808 pp., illus., maps. General descriptive data on geography, economic, social, and cultural life.

Anderson, Otto 1954 The Shetland gue, the Welsh crwth and the Northern Bowed Harp Budklaven 1954: 1-22. Abo. Information on traditional Shetland musical instruments and music with some poorly organized comparative notes for Wales and Scandinavia.

Anderson, Tom and Tom Georgeson, eds. 1970 Da Mirrie Dancers. A Book of Shetland Fiddle Tunes. Lerwick: Shetland Folk Society, printed by the Shetland Times. 43 pp. The finest compendium we have of Shetland fiddle tunes, both old and new along with the text, music and notes to the various songs and short biographical notes on famous eighteenth and early nineteenth century Shetland fiddlers. Even more important is the fact that this is a selection by Shetlanders themselves.

Angus, James Stout 1910 An Etymological Glossary of Some Place Names in Shetland Lerwick: T. & J. Manson . 6, 76 pp. Very useful, especially for Norn names and for the many cultural historical notes on the origins and meaning of the names.

1914 A Glossary of the Shetland Dialect. Paisley : Alexander Gardner. 170 pp. An essential work for anyone interested in working with older materials in the Shetland dialect or for both Norse and Scottish influences on Shetland Norn and Shetland English.

1917 Supplement to a Glossary of the Shetland Dialect Paisley: Alexander Gardner. 19 pp. Same as for the preceding work.

Anonymous 1846 Manners, Traditions, and Superstitions of the Shetlanders Fraser's Magazine 33: 631-48; 34: 147-58, 323-39, 480, 497. Notes on the tax system, duties, tenantry, peasant festivals, land ownership and use, sheep-dogs, sheep marks, customary laws, food scarcity, and the impact of the corn laws.

1859 Shetland Marriages Chamber's Journal 12 (3rd series): 383-84. Brief notes on unusual customs in Shetland marriages.

1903 A Shetland County Wedding of Long Ago. Peace's Orkney and Shetland Almanac Companion for 1903 Pp. 129-31. Kirkwall: William Peace. Reprinted from the Shetland ]ournal, July 1, 1837— but apparently appeared only in the Orkney edition of that early newspaper. An excellent and witty description of the bridal procession with fiddlers and the wedding celebration, as seen in the 1830s.

1903 Shetland Curses. Peace's Orkney and Shetland Almanac Companion for 1903 Pp. 134-35. Kirkwall: William Peace. Older forms of curses but in some cases of little value, in that only allusions are made: the curses are not given.

Bairn's Times. A Shetland Magazine 1973 Lerwick: Shetland Times. A selection of Shetland children's literature. Useful for Shetland children's views of their own life or of their interpretations of life in other parts of the world.

Baldwin, John R. 1974 Sea Bird Fowling in Scotland and Faroe Folk Life 12: 60-103. 4 plates. The hunting of wild sea birds on the cliffs of Foula and Fair Island: equipment, techniques, which birds sought, cliff rights, use of the sea birds and their eggs in the local economies.

Balfour, David 1859 Oppressions of the Sixteenth Century in the Islands of Orkney and Zetland: from Original Documents Edinburgh : Abbotsford Club Publication No. 31. (Also published as the Maitland Club Publication No. 75). 56, 129 pp., illus. A study of the political and economic policies of the Scottish nobility.

Banks, Mary Macleod *1946 British Calendar Customs: Orkney & Shetland London: Wm. Glaisher for the Folklore Society. Publ. of the Folklore Society 112. 12, 110 pp., illus. An excellent survey of materials on seasonal, movable, and calendrical customs from the earlier printed works.

Barnard, Frank 1889 Picturesque Life in Shetland, from Drawings by F. Barnard. With Descriptive Notes Edinburgh and London: George Waterston. 7, 59 pp. of text, 28 plates. Edition limited to 300 copies. An oversize picture album by an artist who visited Shetland. Useful for data on fishing gear and techniques, houses, clothing, farming and tools.

1975 Picturesque Life in Shetland Sandwick, Shetland : Thuleprint. Portfolio of six prints and a 20 page booklet. Reprinted from the 1889 ed. Plate 2, the Shetland grandmother (household life); pl. 17, sillock fishers (craig fishing); pl. 18, the market boat (open boat with produce); pl. 24, the peat country (cutting and hauling peat); pl. 21, shawl dressing (pegging woollen shawls); pl. 26, the fishing industry (pickling and drying herring and white fish).

Barratt, Janet Leslie 1958 The Shetland Islands A Bibliography of Printed Books on Shetland History Written in English and Published in Great Britain. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the University of London diploma in Librarianship. Unpublished thesis. 35 pp. A useful though very incomplete bibliography of Shetland materials.

Beenhakker, Adrian J. 1973 Hollanders in Shetland Lerwick : Shetland Times. 20 pp. The history of the Dutch fishermen in Shetland waters and their influence on Shetland history and traditions.

Black, George F. 1903 Examples of Printed Folklore Concerning the Orkney and Shetland Islands County Folklore 3, Printed Extracts No. 5. Northcote W. Thomas, ed. London: The Folklore Society . 277 pp. The best of the early collections of folk tales, proverbs, etc.

Brand, John 1701 A Brief Description of Orkney, Zetland, Pightland-Firth and Caithness Edinburgh: G. Mosman . 6, 50, 159 pp.

1809 A Brief Description of Orkney, Zetland, Pightland-Firth and Caithness. In A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels, vol. 3. John Pinkerton, ed. Pp. 731-810. London : Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. Useful early data on climate, diseases, fishing, sheep, cattle, foreign trade, different parishes, Lerwick, witches, sea monsters and Dutch fishermen in Shetland waters.

Bruce, R. Stuart 1914 The Sixern of Shetland The Mariner's Mirror 4: 289-300. Description of the six-oared fishing boats in the Shetlands.

1922 The Haaf Fishing and Shetland Trading The Mariner's Mirror 8: 48-52, 130-33. Extracts from the letter books of Thomas Gifford of Basta, Chamberlain, of the Shetland Islands: fishing and the dangers of fishing and seafaring.

1933 The Haaf Fishing and Shetland Trading, 1730-35 The Mariner's Mirror 17: 356-76. A continuation of the above: salvages, shipwrecks and items involved in trade in Shetland.

Cant, Ronald C. 1972 The Church in Orkney and Shetland and its Relations with Norway and Scotland in the Middle Ages Northern Scotland 1: 1-18. Excellent historical survey of the ecclesiastical organization, historic churches, and religion and politics of the area.

Catton, James 1838 The History and Description of the Shetland Islands; with an Account of the Manners, Customs, Circumstances, Superstitions and Religion of the Inhabitants Wainfleet: P. I. Tuxford. 126 pp. Brief history of the islands and a description of life among the poorer people in the 1830s.

Clark, William Fordyce 1898 Northern Gleams; Tales of the Shetland Islands Lerwick: Manson. 172 pp. Fictionalized accounts of Shetland life: good on home life, dangers of the sea, fishing customs, courtship, Shetlanders in England, and the love of the home islands.

1906 The Story of Shetland Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd. 212 pp.

1912 Shetland Nights. Tales from the Land of the Simmer Dim Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. 11, 173 pp.

1930 The Shetland Sketch Book; Folklore, Legend, Humour, Incident Edinburgh, London: Oliver and Boyd. 8, 190 pp. Chatty notes on description and travel, folklore, Fair Isle, and humor.

Cluness, Andrew T. *1951 The Shetland Isles London: Robert Hale. 12, 308 pp., 49 plates, map. Excellent general information on place names, personal names, local dialect and proverbs.

1955 Told around the Peat Fire London: Robert Hale. 255 pp. Information on shipwrecks, trolls, old tales—especially for Unst Island.

Cluness, Andrew T., ed. 1967 The Shetland Book. Lerwick: The Shetland Times. 11, 174 pp., illus. A general book mainly for schoolchildren in the Shetland Islands.

Coleman, Stanley Jackson , compiler 1954 Lore of Orkney and Shetland Douglas, Isle of Man: Folklore Academy. 13 pp. A very poor secondary source.

Coull, James R. 1964 Walls: a Shetland Crofting Parish Scottish Geographical Magazine 80: 135-49. Concise information on the historic development of settlement patterns, the udal land tenure system, crofting, the fish trade, Walls today, livestock statistics from 1870 to 1964, and trends in employment. Also some brief information on the island of Papa Stour.

1967 A Comparison of Demographic Trends in the Faroe and Shetland Islands Institute of British Geographers, Transactions and Papers 41: 159-66. Very useful statistical data and analysis.

Cowie, Robert 1871 Shetland: Descriptive and Historical; a Topographical Description of that Country Aberdeen: Lewis Smith. 16, 309 pp. A general survey with the greater focus on the medieval period.

1874 2d. ed. Edinburgh: Menzies.

1879 3d. ed. Aberdeen: Lewis Smith. 16, 227 pp.

Cursiter, James W. , compiler 1894 List of Books and Pamphlets Relating to Orkney and Shetland Kirkwall: W. Peace. 2, 1, 73 pp. A useful older bibliography, especially for locally printed materials.

Deyell, Annie (Andrina) 1975 My Shetland Sandwick, Shetland : Thuleprint. 102 pp., illus. On Dunrosness where she grew up: childhood memories, schooling, home life, foods, travel conditions, social life, old style houses, sea lore, folk humor, poetry, and a glossary of Shetland words.

Donaldson, Gordon 1958 Shetland Life under Earl Patrick Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. 8, 150 pp., 19 plates, map. Historical study of life and economic conditions under Earl Patrick and his tyrannical followers in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.

Drever, W.P. 1914 Udal Law in the Orkneys and Zetland Green's Encyclopaedia of the Law of Scotland, 2nd ed. vol. 12: 427-43. Edinburgh: William Green. (Also published as a booklet: Edinburgh: William Green, 1914. 16 pp.) Surviving usages of the old Norse legal code in relation to land ownership, rights and use.

Drevor, James 1943 Taboo Words among Shetland Fishermen ( Orkney and Shetland ) Old-Lore Miscellany 10: 235-40. The use of special words by fishermen when aboard fishing boats.

Edinburgh, University of. School of Scottish Studies 1973 Shetland Fiddle Music London : Tangent Records for the School of Scottish Studies. (Scottish Tradition No. 4). 12" LP record and a 12 page booklet by Peter Cooke. Shetland's fiddle music tradition: music texts and scores; data on the fiddlers recorded; photos; glossary of Shetland terms used in the text.

Edmonston, Arthur 1809 A View of the Ancient and Present State of the Zetland Islands ; Including their Civil, Political, and Natural History; Antiquities ; and an Account of Their Agriculture, Fisheries, Commerce, and State of Society and Manners 2 vols. Edinburgh: Printed by J. Ballantine for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. Especially see vol. 1 (pp. 168-338); vol. 2 (pp. 47-81) for material on Shetland ethnology. Very useful material on peasant life, fishing, land tenure, poverty and early fishing techniques.

Edmonston, Biot and Jessie M. E. Saxby *1888 The Home of a Naturalist London: Nisbet and Co. 395 pp., illus. Consists of reprints of articles published earlier in a variety of British magazines. Most are reminiscences of household life, family life during their childhood on Unst in the 1830s and 1840s. Good information on a doctor's life (their father), children's pets, natural history, daily household life, housekeeping, hunting, off-shore fishing, fishing boats, witches, curing, seal lore, weddings, spells, and Christmas rites. One of the finest of the older works on Shetland.

Edmonston, Eliza MacBriar (Macbriar) 1856 Sketches and Tales of the Shetland Islands Edinburgh: Sutherland & Knox. 7, 256 pp., map. General but useful descriptive data in a fictionalized narrative form. Useful for settlement pattern, sheep, farming, fishing, knitting, Shetland ponies, bethrothal and marriage, and stories about the dangers of the sea.

Edmonston, Thomas 1844 On the Native Dyes of the Shetland Islands Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Transactions 1: 123-26. Based on the author's personal knowledge from Balta Sound on Unst— his father's home. He was then professor of Botany at the University of Edinburgh.

Edmonston, Thomas , of Buness, Shetland 1886 An Etymological Glossary of the Shetland & Orkney Dialect; with Some Derivations of Names of Places in Shetland. (Partly read at two meetings of the Philosophical Society in the Spring of 1866 Edinburgh: A. & C. Black; London and Berlin: Asher. 7, 3, 166 pp. Dialects of the Orkney and Shetland Islands and the influence of the Scandinavian languages on them.

Eunson, Jerry 1961 The Fair Isle Fishing-Marks Scottish Studies 5: 181-98. In-shore fishing. The use of island landmarks to locate in-shore fishing grounds or sites.

Evershed, Henry 1874 On the Agriculture of the Islands of Shetland Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, Transactions (Ser. 4) 6: 186-228. Information on soils, peat, climate, land use patterns for different islands, houses, handicrafts, old and new crops, ploughs, ponies, cattle, sheep, crop rotation and agricultural improvements for the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Fea, James 1787 Considerations on the Fisheries in the Scotch Islands: to Which is Prefixed a General Account Elucidating the History, Soil Productions, Curiosities, &c. of the Same, the Manners of the Inhabitants &c London: Printed for the author. 8, 101, 88, (6) pp., folding map. An island by island survey, biased at times.

Fea, James (surgeon) 1884 The Present State of the Orkney Islands Considered, and an Account of the New Method of Fishing on the Coasts of Shetland (originally issued in 1775). Edinburgh: W. Brown. 1, 1, 6, 160 pp. General descriptive material with a focus on fishing.

Fenton, Alexander 1962-63 Early and Traditional Cultivating Implements in Scotland Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Proceedings 96: 264-317. 21 figures and 7 plates. Contains a considerable amount of historical, archaeological, and ethnological information on traditional ploughs and other cultivating implements of the Shetland Islands.

1967 Das Bauernhaus auf Orkney und Shetland Deutsches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde 13: 50-68. Traditional farmhouses: types, construction, functions of different areas, and their changing forms.

1968-69 The Tabu Language of the Fishermen of Orkney and Shetland Ethnologia Europaea 2-3: 118-22. Word tabus of fishermen while on fishing boats and on their way to the boats.

1970 Paring and Burning and the Cutting of Peat and Turf in Scotland In The Spade in Northern and Atlantic Europe. Alan Gailey and Alexander Fenton, eds. Pp. 155-93. Belfast: Ulster Folk Museum and the Institute of Irish Studies, Queens University. 5 plates. Includes good summary information on Shetland and Fair Island.

1973 Transport with Pack-Horse and Slide-Car In Land Transport in Europe. Alexander Fenton, J. Podolák and H. Rasmussen, eds. Pp. 121-71. (Folkelivs Studier 4) . Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark. The use of pack-horses, types of pack-saddles, harness, slide-cars, sledges and carts.

1973 The Various Names of Shetland Edinburgh : National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland. 28 pp. Historical survey of the origins of the names "Shetland" and "Zetland".

1973 Craig-Fishing in the Northern Isles of Scotland and Notes on the Poke-Net Scottish Studies 17: 71-80. 3 plates. Techniques, equipment and economic value of fishing for coalfish from rocks (craigs) along the Shetland coast.

1975 Traditional Elements in the Diet of the Northern Isles of Scotland Kansatieteellinen Arkisto 26: 64-78. (Reports of the Second International Symposium for Ethnological Food Research, Helsinki, August, 1973.) The only detailed survey of the dietary traditions in Orkney and Shetland: vegetable, flesh, fish, sea birds, and the changing patterns.

1976 Scottish Country Life Edinburgh: John Donald. 10, 255 pp., 85 illus. and plates. Contains a considerable amount of information on various aspects of Shetland traditional life.

*1978 The Northern Isles of Scotland Edinburgh : John Donald. 10, 721 pp., illus. This is now the major reference on the traditional material culture and economic life in Shetland and Orkney. Topics covered include land use pattern, kelp gathering, stone walls, houses, fuel, transport, land and crops, fertilizers, plough types, carts, farm implements, thrashing, grain, milk products, fowling, fishing, sea language, boats, cultural relations with Norway and a historic overview of Shetland folk culture.

Fenton, Alexander and James J. Laurenson 1964 Peat in Fetlar Folk Life 2: 3-26. 10 plates. Information on the cutting, drying, moving and stacking of peat and the tools used on the island of Fetlar.

Fenton, Alexander and Bruce Walker *1978 (in press) The Rural Architecture of Scotland Edinburgh: John Donald. ca. 200 pp., 160 illus. Will include detailed descriptions, drawings, plans, and photographs of the various types of traditional farm buildings in Shetland, along with detailed historical documentations on their history in this area.

Firth, John 1920 Reminiscences of an Orkney Parish. Together with Old Orkney Words, Riddles and Proverbs Stromness: W.R. Rendall. 8, 158 pp.

1974 Second edition. Stromness: W.R. Rendall. 8, 181 pp., 26 plates.

Flett, Joan F. and Thomas Muirhead 1966 Traditional Dancing in Scotland London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. 12, 313 pp. See chapter 4, "Dancing in Shetland" (pp. 59-74 ); and chapter 9, "Some , Shetland Reels" (pp. 199-229) .

1973 The History of the Scottish Reel as a Dance Form. Part II Scottish Studies 17: 93-107. For the Shetland data see pp. 97-103. Types of reels, districts in which they are present, comparison with those of Scotland, and their historic development and change.

Fraser, Peter 1957 Old Time Shetland Day Wedding Shetland Folk Book 2: 57-62. In Shetland dialect with no specific place or time given.

A Free Church Minister 1846 Notes of a Tour in Shetland and Orkney September 1845 Inverness: Robert Carruthers. 37 pp. Reprinted 1975. Lerwick, Shetland : Thuleprint. 37 pp. Good observations on religious life, economic conditions and the problems of traveling. Includes one of the only eyewitness accounts of whaling in the Shetlands.

Gifford, Thomas (of Busta) 1786 An Historical Description of the Zetland Islands London: Printed for J. Nichols. (Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 37). 18, 104 pp., folding map.

1879 Historical Description of the Zetland Islands in the Year 1733 With an Appendix of Illustrative Documents. Reprinted from the original edition published in 1786. Edinburgh: T. G. Stevenson. 14, 15, 100 pp., folding map. 1976 An Historical Description of the Zetland Islands. With a new introduction by Brian Smith, archivist, Shetland Islands Council. Sandwick, Shetland: Thuleprint. 8, 18, 104 pp., folding map. (Reprint of the 1786 edition.) A detailed parish by parish survey of the economic life and social conditions in the early eighteenth century. Stress is placed on fishing (by Shetlanders, Dutch and French), uses of arable land, soil types, dairying, religion, the lack of schools, taxation, rents, local government, and the udal system of land ownership and inheritance. A lengthy appendix of supportive legal documents adds to the above information. Brian Smith's introduction to the 1976 edition has some important supplemental information and corrective notes to the many errors and misprints made in the earlier editions.

Goffman, Erving 1953 Communication Conduct in an Island Community Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago. 4, 368 pp. This is not a community study but a study of communication in a community in the Shetlands: formal and informal patterns of communication, gossip, eavesdropping and small talk, among the gentry and commoners in hotels and in cottages.

Goodier, Rawdon, ed. 1974 The Natural Environment of Shetland. Proceedings of the Nature Conservancy Council Symposium held in Edinburgh , 29-30 January, 1974. Edinburgh: The Nature Conservancy Council. 4, 178 pp., maps, illus., and tables. Excellent survey of the geology, climate, ecology, flora, fauna, avifauna, marine biology and geography of Shetland. Also very useful bibliographies for each paper.

Goodlad, C. Alexander (Alestair) *1971 Shetland Fishing Saga Lerwick: Shetland Times. 343 pp. A history of the Shetland fisheries and fishing. Includes excellent data on local fishing boats, fishing gear, navigational techniques, fishing methods and the relationship between fishing and the Shetland economy from Viking times to the present day.

1972 Old and Trusted, New and Unknown: Technological Confrontation in the Shetland Herring Fishery In North Atlantic Fishermen. Anthropological Essays in Modern Fishing. Raoul Anderson and Cato Wadel, eds. Pp. 61-81. (Newfoundland Social and Economic Papers No. 5). St. Johns: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland . The effects of the Norwegian purse seine complex on herring fishing in Shetland.

Goudie, Gilbert 1885 On the Horizontal Water Mills of Shetland Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Proceedings 20 (n.s. vol. 8): 257-97. Illus. The importance of horizontal water mills to individual families: shared mills, review of older references to them, structure and parts, comparative data from Orkney, Scotland, Ireland, Isle of Man, England, Norway, Faroe Islands, Persia and Italy during Roman times.

1904 The Celtic and Scandinavian Antiquaries of Shetland Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood. 16, 305 pp., illus. Includes reprints of the author's earlier papers on horizontal water mills, oil lamps, the peat spade, scythes, ploughs, rotary querns, shoes, mortars, and skathald.

Graham, John and Laurence 1973 New Shetland Writing. An Anthology Selected from the First Hundred Numbers Lerwick: Shetland Times. 112 pp. Reprints of earlier article from The New Shetlander. Many in Shetland dialect. All are useful for various aspects of Shetland life, values and humor.

Graham, John J. and T.A. Robertson , compilers 1964 Nordern Lichts. An Anthology of Shetland Verse and Prose Lerwick: The Educational Committee of the Shetland County Council. 12, 60 pp. Mainly for local schools. Useful background data for values and world view.

Grant, Francis James , 1863-1953 1893 The County Families of the Zetland Islands, Being Genealogies of Local Families Compiled from Public Records and Other Sources Lerwick: T. & J. Manson . 321 pp.

1907 2nd ed., titled Zetland Family Histories Compiled from Public Records and Other Sources Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 3, 3, 1, 343 pp. Useful source for the study of interrelationships between various families, land tenure, and occupational continuity.

Great Britain. Commission of Inquiry into the Conditions of Crofters and Cottars of Scotland *1884 Report of Her Majesty's Commissioners of Inquiry into the Conditions of the Crofters and Cottars in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland 5 vols. Edinburgh: Printed by Neill. The basic documentary source on rural social and economic conditions for this period. Also excellent for basic ethnographic data.

Greig, P.W. 1892 Annals of a Shetland Parish: Delting Lerwick: C. & A. Sandison. 6, 7, 100 pp. Very useful local history and descriptive data for the Parish of Brough in the northeastern part of the main island: agriculture, fishing, sea travel and its hazards, the eighteenth century "serf-like" truck system, histories of local families, parish ministers, and local legal disputes.

Grieve, Christopher Murray (Hugh MacDiarmid) 1939 The Islands of Scotland: Hebrides, Orkneys, and Shetland London: B. T. Batsford. 20, 140 pp., illus., maps. Some useful general information.

Grimshaw, Thomas Harold 1913 A Sturdy Little Northland: a Tribute to the Shetlanders Cincinnati : Jennings & Graham ; New York: Eaton & Mains. 108 pp., 5 plates. Spent 1909-1910 in Shetland as a missionary from California. A spotty and lightly written series of impressions and notes on the character of the islands and the people. A few items of use on the standard of living, homes, household furnishings, knitting and the perils of the sea.

1955 Memories of the Shetland Islands: the Delineation of an After-Glow New York: Exposition Press. 72 pp. Much of this volume is a rewrite of his 1913 book. Chatty and somewhat thin but useful as an insightful sketch of the character of the island and the people. Some useful data on houses, hospitality, religious faith, trows and the terrors of the sea.

Halcrow, Adam *1950 The Sail Fishermen of Shetland and Their Norse and Dutch Forerunners Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 15, 187 pp., plates. The best source on local and imported fishing boats, their construction, the evolution of their form along with important notes on the historical development of the Shetland fisheries.

Handbook to the Shetland Islands 1873 Kirkwall : William Peace. 114 pp. Reprinted, 1974. Lerwick : Thuleprint. 114 pp. For travelers in the 1870s. Contains some useful information on economic life, roads, farming, fishing, and crafts.

Hardy, Ernest W. n.d. (ca. 1910) Life and Customs in the Shetland Islands London: Charles H. Kelly. 247 pp.

1913 The Land o' the Simmer Dim (The Shetland Isles London: W. A. Hammond. 247 pp. (A reprint of his 1910 book under another title. ) Mainly secondary information on history, serfdom of the past, folk beliefs, ethnic character, festivities, herring fisheries, knitting, agriculture, weddings, and Shetland ponies.

Heineberg, Heinz 1969 Wirtschaftsgeographische Strukturwandlungen auf den Shetland-Inseln Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh. (Bochumer Geographischen Arbeiten, Heft 5.) 142 pp. 44 maps and text diagrams, 10 plates, 27 tables. One of the most up-to-date historical and economic geographical studies.

Hibbert-Ware, Samuel 1822 A Description of the Shetland Islands, Comprising an Account of Their Geology, Scenery, Antiquities, and Superstitions Edinburgh: A. Constable and Co. 18, 616 pp., illus., map. Two reprints of this work exist:

1891 Lerwick: T. and J. Manson. 10, 2, 294 pp.

1931 Lerwick: T. and J. Manson. 334 pp. An important descriptive account for this period: geology, topography, economic life, and the udal land tenure and inheritance system.

Holborn, John B. S. See, Stoughton Holbourn, Ian Bernard.

Howie, A. 1946 Agriculture of Shetland Scottish Journal of Agriculture 75: 87-94.

Hunter, J. Albert 1962 Old Shetland Weather Lore New Shetlander 61: 22-24; 62: 18-20. Short but useful series of notes on beliefs about the weather and weather forecasting.

Hunter, John 1976 Shetland Scandals. Laxo's Lines Edited and with an introduction by Norman A. Macleod. Sandwick, Shetland : Thuleprint. 22 pp. A satire in poetic form on a scandal involving a marriage between an aged man and a "roving young lass." Originally written in 1720 but not published until 1976. This is an excellent example of social protest and humor in a folk culture.

Isbister, Robert W. 1970 Tales of Foula Lerwick: Shetland Times. 6, 44 pp.

Jakobsen, Jakob 1897 The Dialect and Place Names of Shetland; Two Popular Lectures by Jakob Jakobsen Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 4, 125 pp. An early but very insightful study by a Danish linguist who devoted much of his life to the study of Scandinavian dialects and their history.

1928 , 1932 An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland 2 volumes. London: D. Nutt; Copenhagen : V. Prior. Still the basic scholarly work on the Shetland Norn. Especially see "Fragments of Norn" in volume I, pp. xci-cxvii.

1936 The Place Names of Shetland London: D. Nutt; Copenhagen: V. Prior . 12, 1, 273 pp., map. This is still the most scholarly and basic work on place name history for the Shetland Islands.

Jamieson, Christina and Edwyn Seymour Reid Tait , compilers 1937 The Hjaltland Miscellany. Vol. 2. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 35, 166 pp. Minutes of the Kirk Sessions of Walls and Sandness from 1735 to 1808. Information on strictness of church rulings, education, charity schools, school attendance, school financial problems, and religious education. For volumes 1 and 3-5 see listing under Tait, Edwyn Seymour Reid.

Jamieson, John 1947 Crofting Then and Now The New Shetlander 7 (Nov.-Dec.): 18-20. Farming changes in this century, with many important notes on farming practices.

Jamieson, Peter Andrew 1949 Letters on Shetland Edinburgh : The Moray Press. 272 pp. Contains some very good information on traditional farming, cattle, sheep, musical traditions, Norn, origins of family names, foods, taboo words for fishermen. Especially good on Fair Isle and Foula, the life of Laurence Williamson, and the making of the film "Edge of the World" on Foula in the 1930s.

Johnson, Alexander , of Papa Stour 1926 The Sword-Dance of Papa Stour, Shetland, a Surviving Norse Drama Lerwick: Johnson & Greig. 20 pp. Descriptive and historical account based upon a manuscript of William Henderson in 1788 of a dance which was "revived" in the 1920s.

Johnson, Laurence Gilbert 1971 Laurence Williamson of Mid-Yell Lerwick : Shetland Times. 11, 188 pp., illus. (Sold only to subscribers.) An important work on a local intellectual who devoted much of his life to the study of local traditions and beliefs relating to his island, Yell. Although he never published, his manuscripts survived. This work contains much of value on local folk life, beliefs in the supernatural, land use, omens, fishing traditions, tales, shipwrecks, press gang stories, and folk poetry.

Johnston, Patricia, ed. 1979 Fair Island Knitting Patterns. Sandwick, Shetland: Thuleprint. 120 pp., illus. A comprehensive guide to the Shetland style of knitting on Fair Island : historical notes, full color illustrations, pattern guides, and knitting instructions.

Kemp, (Rev.) John (minister of Edinburgh) 1801 Observations on the Islands of Shetland, and Their Inhabitants; and on the Climate, Soil, State of Agriculture, Fisheries, etc., of that Country; with Hints for Their Improvement Edinburgh: Highland Society. 39 pp.

Laing, John (surgeon) 1815 An Account of a Voyage to Spitzbergen; Containing a Full Description of that Country, of the Zoology of the North and of the Shetland Isles; with an Account of the Whale Fishery; London: Printed for J. Mawman. 5, 173pp.

1818 2d. ed. Edinburgh: A. Blaik.

1973 Reprinted. New York: K. Bock Editions. 5, 173 pp. Some descriptive notes on Shetland, including fishing and whaling.

Laurenson, Arthur 1872-74 On Certain Beliefs and Phrases of Shetland Fishermen Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Proceedings 10: 711-16. Customs and taboo words while on fishing boats.

Leirfall, Jon 1978 West over Sea. The Viking Legacy in the North Atlantic Translated from the Norwegian edition of 1976. Sandwick, Shetland : Thuleprint. 176 pp., 8 pages of photos. A history of the Viking expansion in the North Atlantic and its present-day heritage in Orkney, Shetland, the Hebrides and the Isle of Man.

Linklater, Eric 1965 Orkney and Shetland: an Historical, Geographical, Social and Scenic Survey London: Robert Hale. 255 pp., maps, illus.

Livingstone, William Pringle 1947 Shetland and the Shetlanders London: Thomas Nelson. 10, 229 pp., plates.

Low, George 1879 A Tour through the Islands of Orkney and Shetland Containing Hints Relative to Their Ancient, Modern and Natural History Kirkwall : W. Peace. 74, 223pp., illus., map.

Macgillivray, James 1920 Agriculture in Shetland Scottish Journal of Agriculture 3: 414-28. General information on agriculture, land use, crops grown, and recent changes.

Mackenzie, J. 1836 The General Grievances and Oppressions of the Isles of Orkney and Shetland Edinburgh: Neill and Co. 118 pp.

Maclean, Calum I. and Stewart F. Sanderson 1960 A Collection of Riddles from Shetland Scottish Studies 4: 150-86.

Manson, Thomas, of Lerwick 1918-19 Humours of a Peat Commissioner 3 vols. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 223, 276, 276 pp. Literature—but a good reflection of real local life. Satire on government policies as depicted by a leading Shetland journalist and publisher.

1923 Lerwick during the Last Half-Century Lerwick : T. & J. Manson. 418 pp., illus. A social and architectural history of Lerwick from 1850 to 1900.

1929 Centenary of Lerwick Parish Church 1829-1929. An Historical Review and Account of the Celebration Services Lerwick : T. & J. Manson. 27 pp., 10 pages of plates.

Manson, Thomas & J. 1892-1954 Manson's Shetland Almanac & Directory Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. Each year's issue contains much historical, folkloristic and ethnographic data.

Manson, Thomas M. Y.

1932 Manson's Guide to Shetland 2nd ed. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 272 pp., map, plates.

1934 Another edition. 288 pp., map, illus., plates.

1964 The personal impact of Jakobsen in Shetland and Orkney Annales Societatis Scientarum Faeroensis 13: 9-13. A short and chatty but very insightful set of notes on the personal impact of the Danish linguist, Prof. Jakob Jakobsen, on local scholars in the Shetland Islands.

Marwick, Ernest W. *1975 The Folklore of Orkney and Shetland London: B. T. Batsford; Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield. 215 pp., including illus. The best and most up-to-date source on Shetland folklore: supernatural beings, witches, the yearly cycle, children's customs and games, the life cycle, folk medicine, proverbs, and excellent bibliographic notes.

Matewson, A.R.M. n.d. (ca. 1960-61 ) Shetland's Norse Festival Up-Helly-Aa Lerwick: Up-Helly-Aa Committee. 7 pp. Description and historical notes and the songs used in this New Year's festival in Lerwick.

Mather, J.Y. 1964 Boats and Boatmen of Orkney and Shetland Scottish Studies 8: 19-32.

Mill, (Rev.) John 1889 The Diary of the Reverend John Mill, Minister of the Parishes of Dunrossness, Sandwick and Cunningsburgh in Shetland 1740-1803 with Selections from Local Records and Original Documents Relating to the District With an introduction and notes by Gilbert Goudie. Publications of the Scottish Historical Society, Ser. 1, Vol. 5. Edinburgh : University Press, for the Scottish Historical Society . 98, 227 pp., illus. Information on church life, religious feelings, hazards of the sea, religious offenses, attitudes to outside events, local economic life and conditions, near famine conditions, religious faith of the people, and important documents from the local Kirk Sessions records.

Mitchell, C.E. 1948 Up-Helly-Aa. Tar-Barrels and Guizing-Looking Back Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 11, 230 pp., illus. A lengthy and detailed account of the mid-winter and Yule festivities in Lerwick.

Moffatt, William 1934 Shetland: the Isle of Nightless Summer London: Heath, Cranton. 239 pp., plates. General material on legends, dialect and folk life.

Monteith, Robert, of Eglisha and Gairsa 1711 The Description of the Isles of Orkney and Zetland, with Maps of Them, Done from the Accurate Observations of the Most Learned Who Lived in the Isles Edinburgh: Published under the supervision of S(ir) R.(obert) S.(ibbald) by Andrew Symson. 42 pp. From an original manuscript dated September 24, 1633.

1845 Description of the Islands of Orkney and Zetland Edinburgh: Published under the supervision of Sir Robert Sibbald. Reprinted by Thomas C. Steavenson from the 1711 edition. 83 pp.

Murisson, David D. 1964 Shetland Speech Today Annales Societatis Scientarum Faeroensis 13: 122-29. The present-day dialect with reference to survivals from the Norn.

Neill, Patrick 1806 A Tour through Some of the Islands of Orkney and Shetland Edinburgh: A. Constable. 11, 239 pp. For Shetland, see pages 68-239. Especially good on conditions among the poor.

Nelson, George M. 1965 The Story of Tingwall Kirk Lerwick : T. & J. Manson. 11, 314 pp., 17 pp. of plates. A history of Tingwall parish with good documentary data on a nineteenth century parish dispute.

1977 Reminiscences of the Shetland Fireside Sandwick, Shetland: Thuleprint. 44 pp. A series of stories about life, local characters and the problems of making a living in the old days.

The New Shetlander 1947 No. 1— Lerwick : Shetland Times. Articles of popular interest, short stories and poems in the Shetland dialect and standard English. Very important for the study of the Shetland dialect.

The New Statistical Account of Scotland 1845 By the Ministers of the Respective Parishes, under the Superintendence of the Committee of the Society for the Benefit of the Sons and Daughters of the Clergy Edinburgh: Blackwood . 15 volumes. See vol. 15 for Shetland. Originally issued in 52 separate numbers, beginning in 1831. Plates and maps. A basic set of documents for economic conditions, social conditions, and folk life.

Nicholson, James R. *1972 Shetland Newton Abbot: David & Charles. 245 pp., illus., maps. Good general information on history, agriculture, fishing, social life, modern towns, and topography for Shetland.

1975 2d. ed. 245 pp., illus., maps.

Nicolson, James R. 1975 Shetland and Oil London: Luscombe. 208 pp., illus., maps. The impact of the petroleum industry on social and economic life in Shetland.

Nicolson, John 1912 Shetlan' Hame-Spun Paisley: Alexander Gardner. 107 pp. This and all the following of John Nicolson's stories in Shetland dialect contain a vast amount of information on folklore and folk life.

1920 Some Folk Tales and Legends of Shetland Edinburgh: Thomas Allan. 93 pp.

Mainly individual tales, counting rhymes, riddles and background notes.

1931 Shetland Incidents and Tales Edinburgh : T. Allan. 110 pp.

1937 Restin' Chair Yarns Lerwick: Johnson & Greig. 11, 125 pp. Stories about trows, mysterious creatures of the sea and superstitions. These stories originally appeared as articles in The Shetland Times.

1947 Shetland Folk Tales Shetland Folk Book 1: 1-16. Notes on beliefs about supernatural beings.

Northern Scotland 1972—Aberdeen: Centre for Scotttish Studies, University of Aberdeen.

O'Dell, Andrew Charles 1932 The Shetland Islands Sociological Review 24: 225-32. Concise information on the geology, natural history, history, haaf fishing, crofting, seasonal round of activities and local crafts. Plates illustrating team digging, peat transport on a bullock cart, cloth carding and a water mill.

1933 The Urbanization of the Shetland Islands Geographical Journal 81: 501-18. Historical and economic background on the gradual shift of the rural population to Lerwick.

1935 The Geographical Controls of Agriculture in Orkney and Shetland Economic Geography 11: 1-19. Relationship of agriculture to soil types, climate and latitude.

*1939 A Historical Geography of the Shetland Isles Lerwick: T. & J. Manson, Shetland News Office. 19, 327 pp. The only useful scholarly geographic study for Shetland.

1940 Zetland. In The Land of Britain; the Report of the Land Utilization Survey of Britain L. Dudley Stamp, ed. Pp. 267-309. Part 5. London : Published for the Survey of Geographical Publications. Maps. An excellent concise economic geographical survey for the Shetlands.

Olcott, Charles S. 1921 The Orkneys and Shetlands: A Mysterious Group of Islands National Geographic Magazine 39: 197-228.

Orkney and Shetland Miscellany 1907-46 Title changed April 1909 (vol. 3) to Old-Lore Miscellany of Orkney, Shetland, Caithness and Sutherland London: Viking Society for Northern Reseaich. 10 volumes: Vol. 1 (1907-) Vol. 10 ( 1935-46). A vast compendium of short articles, notes and news dealing with folklore, folk life, and local history in Shetland and Orkney.

Patterson, Walt, et al. 1976 The Shetland Way of Oil John Button, ed. Sandwick, Shetland: Thuleprint. 192 pp. A series of papers on the impact of North Sea oil on the ecology, social life and economy of the Shetland Islands.

1978 The Shetland Way of Oil, 2nd ed. John Button, ed. Sandwick, Shetland: Thuleprint. 144 pp.

Peace, William 1867-1920 Peace's Orkney and Shetland Almanac Kirkwall: William Peace. Varying numbers of pages. All almanacs for any individual year are important for local information.

Peterkin, Alexander (the elder) 1822 Notes on Orkney and Zetland; Illustrative of the History, Antiquities, Scenery, and Customs of those Islands Vol. I (no more published). Edinburgh : Macredie, Skelly. 144, 109pp.

"P.J." 1927 Up Helly A'a Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 14 pp. History and background of the mid-winter festival in Lerwick.

Pløyen, Christian (often spelled Ployen) 1840 Erindringer fra en Reise til Shetlandsøerne, Örkenøerne og Skotland i Sommern 1839 KjØbenhavn: C. A. Reissel. 298 pp.

1894 Reminiscences of a Voyage to Shetland, Orkney & Scotland in the Summer of 1839 C. Spence, trans. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 15, 237 pp. 2nd ed., 1896. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson . Contains some very useful notes on fishing boats, farming and topography.

Powell, Michael 1938 200,000 Feet on Foula London : Faber & Faber. 12, 334 pp., illus., map. An account of the making of the film "Edge of the World" and life in general on the island of Foula in the 1930s.

Rampini, Charles J. G. 1884 Shetland and the Shetlanders. Two Lectures Delivered before the Philosophical Institution, Edinburgh on the 5th and 8th February 1884. With Additions, Notes and Appendices Kirkwall: William Peace. 96 pp. The history, people and institutions of Shetland.

Reid, John T. 1869 Art Rambles in Shetland Edinburgh : Edmonston and Douglas. 12, 62, 2 pp., illus., map. Includes a good account of a Shetland wedding by Robert Jamieson of Sandness.

Robert, Ian McIntosh 1959 Unst. Unpublished dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Glasgow.

Robertson, T. A., ed. 1973 Da Sangs at a'll Sing ta Dee. Lerwick: Shetland Folk Society. 119 pp., including musical scores. The basic compendium of Shetland folk songs, music, and notes on the songs.

Roussell, Aage 1934 Norse Building Customs in the Scottish Isles Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard; London: Williams and Norgate. 113 pp., 56 illus. Includes some scattered data on traditional buildings in Shetland.

Russell, (Rev.) John 1887 Three Years in Shetland Paisley : Elex. Gardner. 211 pp.

Sandison, Alexander 1972 Tracing Ancestors in Shetland Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 51 pp. A technical guide for genealogical studies in Shetland, and of much use for historical and sociological studies as well as directing researchers to the appropriate records and archives.

Sandison, Charles 1954 The Sixareen and her Racing Descendants Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 8, 53 pp., illus. Eighteenth and nineteenth century six-oared fishing boats and their modern descendants.

Sandison, Charles and Duncan 1954 The Shetland Boat. In 4th Viking Congress. Lerwick, July 1950 William Douglas Simpson, ed. Pp. 291-94. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd.

Sandison, William 1934 A Shetland Merchant's Day-Book in 1762 Lerwick: Johnson & Grieg. 13, 95 pp. This document describes Lerwick—the town, the families, markets, shopping, and the yearly round of activities.

Saxby, Jessie M. E. 1893 Birds of Omen in Shetland. With Notes on the Folklore of the Raven and the Owl London: Privately printed. 32 pp. 1915 Foys and Fantans (Shetland Feasts and Fasts). Old-Lore Miscellany 8: 22-23. Feasts and fast relating to the calendrical cycle.

*1932 Shetland Traditional Lore Edinburgh: Grant & Murray. 208 pp., illus. Very good information on supernaturals, festivals, dialect, foods, weddings, funerals, the yearly festive cycle, names for birds and wild animals.

Schuldham-Shaw, Patrick 1947 Folk Music and Dance in Shetlands Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society 5: 74-80.

1949 Folk Songs Collected in the Shetland Islands Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society 6: 13-18.

1962 A Shetland Fiddler and his Repertoire, John Stickle, 1857-1957 Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society 9: 129-47.

Scottish Studies 1957- Edinburgh: School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh.

Seim, Einar 1964 Shetland Food in Former Times Shetland Folk Book 4: 13-16. Information on hard times in the past, types of fish eaten, limpets, fields and grain, and saddle quern and other methods of grinding grain.

Senior, W.H. and W.B. Swan 1972 The Report of a Survey of Agriculture in Caithness, Orkney and Shetland Special Report No. 8. Inverness: Highland and Island Development Board. 222 pp. For Shetland, see pp. 70-91 and the various statistical tabulations.

Shepherd, Stella 1971 Like a Mantle the Sea London : G. Bell; Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. 184 pp. A description of life on the island of Papa Stour by a former school teacher.

Shetland Advertiser. 1862-63 (5 January 1862—Spring 1863) Lerwick. A Lerwick newspaper issued by C. D. Jamieson, a local bookseller. An outspoken paper, especially on town meetings, town and country news. His opinions and the letters in it caused much local controversy. For a comment see Thomas Manson (1923: 19).

Shetland Folk Book *1947-71 5 volumes so far (1947, 1951, 1957, 1964, 1971). Lerwick: Printed by the Shetland Times for the Shetland Folk Society. Excellent source material for shorter articles on folk life, folk music, dialect studies, folk tales, and local historical items.

Shetland Journal. 1836-37 (June 1836-December 1837), Nos. 1-14. Became The Orkney and Shetland Journal, January 1838-August 1839, Nos. 1-20. Lerwick. The earliest newspaper in Shetland. An important source for early items of local interest.

The Shetland News 1885-1963 Lerwick: Published by T. & J. Manson. A weekly newspaper. A major archive for local cultural, economic, and political information. Also included much information on Shetland folk life and folklore.

Shetland Review 1978- Sandwick, Shetland: Thuleprint. This is to be an annual review of Shetland writing gleaned from various publications for each year.

The Shetland Times. 1872- Lerwick. The one surviving Shetland newspaper. Also important for materials on Shetland folk life and local history.

Shirreff, John *1814 General View of the Agriculture of the Shetland Islands London : Board of Agriculture ; Edinburgh: Archibald Constable. 7, 135, 63, 8 pp. The basic source for pre-industrial agricultural practices and general folk life in the Shetlands.

Sill, Ronnie 1964 Counterspell: an Eyewitness Account of Witchcraft at Work Shetland Folk Book 4: 31-40. A personal account from the mid 1920s.

Simmons, Jenni 1978 A Shetland Cookbook Sandwick, Shetland: Thuleprint. 76 pp. A collection of both traditional and present day Shetland recipes. It is also illustrated with old photographs and short notes on oldtime Shetland life.

Sinclair, Catherine 1840 Shetland and Shetlanders: or, the Northern Circuit Edinburgh: W. Whyte; New York: Carter. 4, 428 pp., map. There is also one other edition—New York: D. Appleton, 1840. 348 pp. General information on many topics, including economic and social conditions.

Sinclair, (Sir) John, Bart. 1795 General View of the Agriculture of the Northern Counties and Islands of Scotland, Including the Counties of Cromarty, Ross, Sutherland, and Caithness, and the Islands of Shetland ... 2 parts London: Board of Agriculture. 21, 281 pp. Information on agriculture, earlier than Shirreff, but thinner data.

1791-99 The Statistical Account of Scotland. Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of Different Parishes 21 vols. Edinburgh: W. Creech. Illus. (some folding), plates (partly folding), maps, plans, tables. A basic encyclopedic work on economic and social conditions, local history, and folk customs for the period. Usually referred to as "The Old Statistical Account".

*1925 Statistical Account of Shetland, 1791-1799. Drawn up from the Communications of the Ministers of the Different Parishes by Sir John Sinclair, Bart. With an introduction and notes by E. S. Reid Tait Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 24, 130 pp., map. A reprint, with additional data, of those sections of "The Old Statistical Account" on Shetland parishes. The introduction contains a very useful evaluation of Sinclair's work in Shetland and the long-term benefits of his data. Many explanatory footnotes have been added as to persons, obsolete terms, and corrections to the original text.

Skirving, Robert Scot 1874 On the Agriculture of the Islands of Shetland Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, Transactions (ser. 4) 6: 229-63. General geographical information, demography, climate, foods, land use, grains grown, cattle, sheep, crofting, fishing, and agricultural implements.

Smith, Charles Sprague 1891 Orkneys and Shetland American Geographical Society, Journal 23: 131-55.

Smith, Hance D. 1971 Life and Living in Eighteenth Century Shetland (I New Shetlander 97: 6-10.

Smith, Magnie 1964 Shetland Croft Houses and Their Equipment Shetland Folk Book 4: 1-8. Parts of the house, dimensions, construction, furnishings, livestock.

Smith, Stella C. 1947 Looking Back at Foula The New Shetlander 7 (Nov-Dec): 4-6. Short notes and recollections of the general pattern of life on Foula.

Spence, John 1899 Shetland Folklore Lerwick: Johnson & Greig. 256 pp. Reprinted 1973. Norwood, Pennsylvania: Norwood Editions. 256 pp. Information on antiquities, fishermen's word taboos, omens, fishing boats, supernaturals, folk medicine, witches, houses and house furnishings, barns, riddles, seasonal feasts (especially Hallowmas), proverbs, and sayings. Collected during the forty years prior to publication.

Stephen, Robert 1962 Shetland Fishing Industry. A Study in Geographical Controls Unpublished dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen.

Stewart, George S. L. of Leith 1877 Shetland Fireside Tales; or, the Hermit of Trosswickness Edinburgh. Reprinted 1892. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 273 pp. 3rd ed., 1923. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson.

Stoughton Holbourn , Ian Bernard 1938 The Isle of Foula: a Series of Articles on Britain's Loneliest Inhabited Isle, by the Late Professor Ian B. Stoughton Holbourn, Laird of Foula for Thirty-Five Years Lerwick: Johnson & Greig. 8, 250 pp., illus., many plates. General information; specific information on udal land tenure system, healing waters, superstitions.

Stout, Margaret B. 1965 The Shetland Cookery Book 2nd ed. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 15, 64 pp. Original edition (Cooking for Northern Wives) published in 1925. The second edition has retained only the typical Shetland foods. Many of these are also typical for Orkney.

Svenson, Roland 1955 Lonely Isles London: B. T. Batsford. 141 pp., plates. Secondary information, but good; especially see the chapters on Fair Isle and on Foula.

Tait, Edwyn Seymour Reid , compiler and ed. 1934-57 The Hjaltland Miscellany 5 vols. 1934 vol. 1. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 86 pp. This volume is primarily devoted to documents on Lerwick's social past: subscription schools, temperance societies, abstinence societies, customs collection, shipping and the problems of drunken sailors. vol. 2. See Jamieson, Catherine.

1939 vol. 3. Lerwick: Shetland Times. 138 pp. Kirk Session documents for Walls and Sandness from 1735 to 1808. Information on fasts and famine, leprosy, legal process of name changing, communion, local religious rules, sabbath breaking, poverty, beggars, swine worrying sheep in the open range lands, a shipwreck, and the "mort cloth" (the pall for a coffin).

1947 vol. 4. Lerwick: T. & J. Manson. 148 pp. The Greig papers. James Greig was Procurator Fiscal of Shetland from 1805 to 1852. Information on local legal problems, a sheep thief, mussel dredging rights, Shetlanders in the army, rights to a beached whale, fishing rights, ranselmen, and a sale to satisfy creditors.

1957 vol. 5. Lerwick: Shetland Times. 140 pp. Documents from the Kirk Sessions of Walls and Sandness, 1735-1808. Information on finances, a leper, an eighteenth century amateur physician, kirk officers and office bearers, strife in Foula, church pew rents, conditions of churches, sabbath breakers, fasting, baptisms, Bible giving.

1951 A Shetland Steading Shetland Folk Book 2: 77-82. Description of an old style house in the Dunrosness district.

1955 A Lerwick Miscellany Lerwick: The Shetland Times. 8, 154 pp. Information taken from legal documents: buildings, statistical data, court cases. Many chapters originally published in The Shetland Times.

1957 Some Notes on the Harvest and Harvest Customs of Bygone Days Shetland Folk Book 3: 17-20. Information taken from "The Old Statistical Account" (1791-1799).

Taylor, Henry Pearson 1948 A Shetland Parish Doctor. Some Recollections of a Shetland Doctor during the Past Half-Century Lerwick : T. & J. Manson. 13, 136 pp. Personal document of a local doctor's experiences and views on local affairs.

Theodoratus, Robert J. 1969 Europe: A Selected Ethnographic Bibliography New Haven: HRAF Press. See pp. 75-79.

Thomson, William P. L. 1970 Funzie, Fetlar: a Shetland Run-Rig Township in the Nineteenth Century Scottish Geographical Magazine 86: 170-85. Data on the land use system, and on terms relating to land types and uses.

Thorne, R. 1974 Fetlar, Some Facts and Stories Lerwick: Shetland Times. 20 pp., illus. Sketchy information from Fetlar Island, mainly for tourists.

Thowsen, Atle *1970 The Norwegian Export of Boats to Shetland, and its Influence upon Shetland Boatbuilding and Usage. Sjøfartshistorisk Arbok (Norwegian Yearbook of Maritime History) 1969: 145-208. Bergen: Sjøfartsmuseum. A detailed study of the effects of the continuous trade of Norwegian clinkerbuilt boats on the evolution of Shetland fishing boats. The author uses Norwegian documents, export records, comparative methods of construction, published materials, and etymological evidence to substantiate this study.

Tocher . 1971- Edinburgh: School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh. A quarterly. Contains many scattered short notes on Shetland folklore, ethnological notes, proverbs, dietary customs. Material taken from the Folklore Archives of the School of Scottish Studies.

Train, Vera 1963 An Island in Shetland Scotland's Magazine 59: 14-20, illus. General data on Fetlar: crofting, income, local lairds, Shetland ponies, haying, cottages, local boat travel, peat, fishing, steam ships, and recent changes.

Tudor, John R. *1883 The Orkneys and Shetland: Their Past and Present State London: E. Staford. 33, 703 pp. One of the major surveys of the history and life of the peoples in both Orkney and Shetland. Most of the data is from earlier sources.

Unst Council of Social Services 197- Unst. A Guide for Visitors to the Northernmost of the British Isles Unst: Unst Council of Social Services. 24 pp., end maps. A general tourist guide with very little scientific information.

Venables, Ursula ( Mrs. Llewellyn S. Vaughn Venables ) 1952 Tempestuous Eden London: Museum Press. 238 pp., maps. Primarily on natural history. Some information on agriculture and topography.

1956 Life in Shetland, a World Apart Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd. 175 pp., illus., maps. Very thin data except for some good notes on native dyes.

Waterston, George 1946 Fair Isle Scottish Geographical Magazine 62: 111-16. Topography, handicrafts, crofting, Norse influences still present, crops, and natural history.

Wheeler, Philips T., et al. 1964 The Island of Unst, Shetland Nottingham: Geographical Field Group, Department of Geography, University of Nottingham. 92 pp., 44 pp. of maps and diagrams, 45 figs., 34 tables. Survey of the geology, geography, land use pattern, agriculture and general economic conditions on Unst.

Willcock, (Rev.) John 1897 A Shetland Minister of the Eighteenth Century, Being Passages in the Life of the Reverend John Mill, 1712-1805 Kirkwall: The Leonards. 174 pp. Based on The Rev. John Mill's diary: see under his name.

Willis, Douglas P. 1967 , Population and Economy of Fair Isle Scottish Geographical Magazine 83: 113-17. Information on depopulation, fishing, crofting, sheep and wool production, income and knitwear as a marketable craft.

Wills, Jonathan 1971 Life and Living in 18th Century Shetland. Part 2—A Shetland Estate of this Period (Belmont, Unst The New Shetlander 98: 8-10, 13.

Wood, James 1964 The Friendly Isles. In his Beer for Christmas Pp. 223-51. London : Hutchinson. A chatty book which contains some useful information on ship transport to Shetland, whalers from Shetland, fresh water fishing, natural history, and pubs in Lerwick.

Yarham, E.R. 1956 Shetland's Viking Fire Festival American Scandinavian Review 44: 319-24. The midwinter and Yule festival of Up-Helly-Aa in Lerwick.

Zetland, County of. Museum Management Committee. 1967 and 1973 Shetland County Museum Lerwick: County of Zetland Museum Management Committee. 22 pp. Illustrated guide to the museum collections. Brief notes on fishing boats, agricultural implements, household utensils, watermills and milling equipment.

Ziegler, Alexander , 1822-1887 1860 Meine Reise in Norden. In Norwegen, auf Orkney—und Shetland Inseln, in Lappland und Schweden Leipzig: J. J. Weber.