Kohlberg and others have proposed that cognitive development is a
necessary but not a sufficient condition for social-moral development
and, in turn, that social-moral development is a necessary but not a
sufficient condition for ego development. This study examined these
propositions within the cross-cultural context of an Israeli kibbutz.
Cognitive and moral development were assessed among adolescent
and young adult kibbutzniks; ego and moral development were
assessed among senior kibbutz founders. In brief, 93 percent of the
subjects scored at the same level or at a higher level in cognitive
development than they did in moral development, and 86 percent of
the subjects scored at the same level or at a higher level in moral
development than they did in ego development. The results are
consistent with the hypothesis of a decalage relationship between
cognitive, moral, and ego development.
Colby, A.1973Logical Operational Limitations on the Development of Moral Judgment Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University . Dissertation Abstracts International 34: 2331 B. University Microfilms No. 73-28,193.
3.
1985The Relationship between Logical and Moral Development. In The Measurement of Moral Judgment. A. Colby et al., eds. New York: Cambridge University Press (in press).
4.
Colby, A., L. Kohlberg, J. Gibbs, D. Candee, B. Speicher-Dubin, A. Hewer, and C. Power1978Measuring Moral Judgment: Standard Issues Scoring Manual . Cambridge, Mass.: Moral Education Research Foundation.
5.
Colby, A., L. Kohlberg, H. Gibbs, and M. Lieberman1983A Longitudinal Study of Moral Development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development48: 1-124.
6.
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7.
Dasen, P.1972Cross-Cultural Piagetian Research: A Summary. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology3: 23-39.
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Erickson, V.L.1977a Deliberate Psychological Education for Women: A Curriculum Follow-Up Study. Counseling Psychologist6: 25-29.
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1977b Beyond Cinderella: Ego Maturity and Attitudes towards the Rights and Roles of Women. Counseling Psychologist7: 83-88.
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1980The Case Study Method in the Evaluation of Developmental Programs. In Evaluating Moral Development. L. Khumerker et al., eds. pp. 151-176. Schenectady, N.Y.: Character Research Press.
11.
Kohlberg, L.1973Continuities in Childhood and Adult Moral Development Revisited. In Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Personality and Socialization . P. B. Baltes and K. W. Schaie , eds. pp. 179-204. New York: Academic Press.
12.
1976Moral Stages and Moralization: The Cognitive-Developmental Approach. In Moral Development and Behavior: Theory, Research, and Social Issues. T. Lickona, ed. pp. 31-53. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
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1981 a The Empirical Relationship between Moral and Ego Development: A Preliminary Report. Paper presented at Harvard University, Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Mass.
14.
1981 b The Meaning and Measurement of Moral Development. Worcester, Mass.: Clark University Press .
15.
1984Essays on Moral Development, vol. 2: The Psychology of Moral Development. San Francisco: Harper and Row.
16.
Kohlberg, L., and C. Gilligan1971Adolescent as Philosopher: The Discovery of the Self in a PostConventional world. Daedalus100 (4): 1051-1086.
17.
Kuhn, D., and J. Angelev1976An Experimental Study of the Development of Formal Operational Thought. Child Development47: 697-706.
18.
Kuhn, D., and J. Brannock1977Development of the Isolation of Variables Scheme in Experimental and Natural Experiment Contexts. Developmental Psychology13: 9-14.
19.
Kuhn, D., and V. Ho1977The Development of Schemes of RecognizingAdditive and Alternative Effects in a Natural Experiment Context. Developmental Psychology13: 515-516.
20.
Kurtines, W., and E.C. Grief1974The Development of Moral Thought: Review and Evaluation of Kohlberg's Approach. Psychological Bulletin81: 453-470.
21.
Lambert, H.V.1972A Comparison of Jane Loevinger's Theory of Ego Development and Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.
22.
Loevinger, J.1976Ego Development: Conceptions and Theories. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
23.
1979Construct Validity of the Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development. Applied Psychological Measurement3: 281-311.
24.
1983On Ego Development and the Structure of Personality. Developmental Review3: 339-350.
25.
Loevinger, J., and R. Wessler1970Measuring Ego Development, vol. 1: Construction and Use of a Sentence Completion TestSan Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
26.
Loevinger, J., R. Wessler, and C. Redmore1970Measuring Ego Development, vol. 2: Scoring Manual. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
27.
Piaget, J.1964Six Psychological Studies. New York : Vintage Books.
28.
Roberge, J., and B. Flexer1979Further Examination of Formal-Operational Reasoning Abilities . Child Development50: 478-484.
29.
Selman, R.1980The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding: Developmental and Clinical Analyses. New York: Academic Press.
30.
Snarey, J.1983Adult Social-Moral Development: A Cross-Cultural Review . Paper presented atthe annual conference of the Association for Moral Education, Boston, Mass.
31.
Snarey, J., and J. Blasi1980Ego Development among Adult Kibbutzniks: A Cross-Cultural Application of Loevinger's Theory. Genetic Psychology Monographs102: 117-157.
32.
Snarey, J., L. Kohlberg, and G. Noam1983Ego Development in Perspective: Structural Stage, Functional Phase, and Cultural Age-Period Models. Developmental Review3: 303-338.
33.
Snarey, J., J. Reimer, and L. Kohlberg1985The Development of Social-Moral Reasoning among Kibbutz Adolescents: A Longitudinal Cross-Cultural Study. Developmental Psychology20: 3-17.
34.
Walker, L.J.1980Cognitive and Perspective-Taking Prerequisites for Moral Reasoning Development. Child Development51: 131-139.
