This is the fourth study of archival data in a program of cross-
cultural research to identify the social institutions and behavioral
norms that correlate with the practice of private ownership.
Zelman's 1974 dissertation presented data on 145 variables for each
of 60 societies. From these data, a composite measure of private
ownership of productive land and of domestic animals correlated (p = .00125) with 22 variables or indices. Cultural characteristics
and societal institutions replicating positive correlations with pri
vate ownership in all four studies to date include: (a) 12 subsistence
variables on grain agriculture and husbandry, (b) 9 stratification
and gender role variables on classes, slavery, and work specializa
tion, (c) 10 social control variables on political structure, law, and
religious morality, (d) 8 community and architecture variables on
populous settlements of substantial houses, (e) 7 marriage and
family variables on patriarchal practices, and (f) 9 economic rela
tions variables on commerce, money, war, and inheritance.
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