Subsistence Strategies and the Division of Labor by Gender Among Clothes Makers in Nonindustrial Societies

This article tests the proposition that the division of labor by gender among clothes makers in nonindustrial societies is associated with the relative dependence of the artisan’s family on commercial production. A cross-cultural test using the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) probability sample finds that a man is more likely to make clothes if his nuclear family depends on clothes making more than other forms of subsistence production. There are a variety of evolutionary paths that may lead to men’s participation in clothes making. The proximate causes include agricultural intensification and the encroachment of long-distance trade networks. Whatever the pathway or causal mechanisms, the division of labor by gender is sensitive to the contingencies that affect the relative value of one’s labor.