The rise of online Food delivery and E-commerce has significantly increased plastic waste. This study aims to examine plastic waste generation and explore pro-environmental behaviors of consumers in Bangkok. Data collection involved questionnaires and in-depth interviews. In 2024, plastic waste from Food delivery in Bangkok is projected to range from 0.3 to 4.6 million kilograms, while E-commerce could generate 3.7–12 million kilograms million kilograms annually. Consumers in the Food delivery sector generally express readiness to reduce plastic usage but often expect leadership from government agencies or stores. E-commerce readiness to reduce plastic waste is significantly lower due to concerns about product protection. Key factors influencing PEB are Subjective norms (SN), Perceived behavioral controls (PBC), and Behavioral intentions (BIT), which collectively account for 87.2% of pro-environmental actions. To address plastic waste in Food delivery and E-commerce, collaborative efforts among government agencies, platform providers, packaging manufacturers, and consumers are critical.
AjzenI. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self‐efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
3.
ArunnualN. (2019). Attitude towards the intention to refuse plastic bags using regulatory focus theory master of business abministraaion, Mahidol University.
4.
BambergS. (2003). How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(02)00078-6
5.
BarberaF. L.AjzenI. (2020). Control interactions in the theory of planned behavior: Rethinking the role of subjective norm. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 401–417. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.2056
6.
BianX. (2023). Influence of perceived ESG on consumer purchasing intention in new energy vehicles industry in China. Dissertation for doctor of philosophy. National Institute of Development Administration.
7.
BolarinwaO. A. (2015). Principles and methods of validity and reliability testing of questionnaires used in social and health science researches. The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 22(4), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.4103/1117-1936.173959
8.
BronfmanN. C.CisternasP. C.López-VázquezE.MazaC. D.OyanedelJ. C. (2015). Understanding attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors in a Chilean community. Sustainability, 7(10), 14133–14152. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71014133
9.
BuffetB. (2021). Convenience stores and fast food in japan prepare to stop providing plastic spoons, forks and straws. Violators will be fined. https://n9.cl/hwiup
10.
CheungG. W.WangC. (2017). Current approaches for assessing convergent and discriminant validity with SEM: Issues and solutions. Academy of Management Proceedings.
11.
ChrysochouP. (2017). Consumer behavior research methods, consumer perception of product risks and benefits (pp. 409–428). Springer International Publishing AG.
12.
ChungS. S.LeungM. M. Y. (2007). The value-action gap in waste recycling: The case of undergraduates in Hong Kong. Environmental Management, 40(4), 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0363-y
13.
De CannièreM. H.De PelsmackerP.GeuensM. (2009). Relationship quality and the theory of planned behavior models of behavioral intentions and purchase behavior. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 82–92.
FinlayK. A.TrafimowD.VillarrealA. (2002). Predicting exercise and health behavioral intentions: Attitudes, subjective norms, and other behavioral determinants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(2), 342–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00219.x
18.
FornellC.LarckerD. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
19.
GoldbergJ. A.MarshallN. A.BirtlesA.CaseP.CurnockM. I.GurneyG. G. (2018). On the relationship between attitudes and environmental behaviors of key great barrier reef user groups. Ecology and Society, 23(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-10048-230219
20.
JangY.KimK. N.WooJ. (2023). Post-consumer plastic packaging waste from online food delivery services in South Korea. Waste Management, 156(4), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.036
KaaronenR. O. (2017). Affording sustainability: Adopting a theory of affordances as a guiding heuristic for environmental policy. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1974. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01974
23.
Kasikorn Research Center. (2019). Food ordering application competition drives food delivery business to continue to grow, expected to have a value of 33. https://n9.cl/3gr4a
24.
KimberlinC. L.WintersteinA. G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy: AJHP: Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 65(23), 2276. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp070364
LiuY.DoucetteW. R.FarrisK. B. (2007). Perceived difficulty and self-efficacy in the factor structure of perceived behavioral control to seek drug information from physicians and pharmacists. Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy: RSAP, 3(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2006.07.002
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. (2020). 2020 plastic waste surges 60% during COVID-19. https://n9.cl/k07hr
30.
ParkJ.HaS. (2014). Understanding consumer recycling behavior: Combining the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 42(3), 278–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12061
31.
PaulJ.ModiA.PatelJ. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29(3), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.11.006
32.
Plastics Institute. (2020). Material flow analysis of plastic waste. Presentation of research results, direct contact with plastics Institute.
PranithamC. (2019). Factors related to environmental conservation behavior in households and hotels of Thai tourists master of management, National Institute of Development Administration.
35.
Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus. (2019). PSU Phuket announces research results on the amount of waste, the impacts that occur depend on the policies of Phuket province. https://www.phuket.psu.ac.th/12366/
SiripokanonR. (2013). A study of the relationship between environmental attitude and environmentally friendly consumption behavior of consumers in Bangkok. Master of business administration. University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce.
ThampanichwongK.Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI). (2020). Plastic waste from food delivery during the COVID-19 lockdown. Bangkok Business. https://www.Bangkokbiznews.com/health/2071
ThanathornchatK. (2021). Factors influencing the environmental conservation behavior of employees in an electronic parts manufacturing company master of business abministraaion, Silpakorn University.
VieiraJ.CastroS. L.SouzaA. S. (2023). Psychological barriers moderate the attitude-behavior gap for climate change. PLoS One, 18(7), Article e0287404. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287404
45.
WongprapinkulB.WasanadamrongdeeS. (2021b). Plastic waste from online food ordering - Survey results of consumer behavior and opinions (part 2). Environmental Journal. https://ej.eric.chula.ac.th/article/view/314
46.
WongprapinukulB.WasnadamrongdeeS. (2021a). Plastic Waste from Online Food Delivery: Survey Results on Consumer Behavior and Opinions (Part 1). Environment Journal. https://ej.eric.chula.ac.th/article/view/301
