This research reports on the experimental verification of an enhanced energy conversion device utilizing a tuned inerter called a tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducer (TIMET). The TIMET consists of a motor, a rotational mass, and a tuning spring. The motor and the rotational mass are connected to a ball screw and the tuning spring interfaced to the ball screw is connected to the vibrating structure. Thus, vibration energy of the structure is absorbed as electrical energy by the motor. Moreover, the amplified inertial mass can be realized by rotating relatively small physical masses. Therefore, by designing the tuning spring stiffness and the inertial mass appropriately, the motor can rotate more effectively due to the resonance effect, leading to more effective energy generation. The authors designed a prototype of the TIMET and conducted tests to validate the effectiveness of the tuned inerter for electromagnetic transducers. Through excitation tests, the property of the hysteresis loops produced by the TIMET is investigated. Then a reliable analytical model is developed employing a curve fitting technique to simulate the behavior of the TIMET and to assess the power generation accurately. In addition, numerical simulation studies on a structure subjected to a seismic loading employing the developed model are conducted to show the advantages of the TIMET over a traditional electromagnetic transducer in both vibration suppression capability and energy harvesting efficiency.
AbdelkareemMAXuLAliMKA, et al.(2018) Vibration energy harvesting in automotive suspension system: a detailed review. Applied Energy229: 672–699.
2.
AntonSRSodanoHA (2007) A review of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials (2003–2006). Smart Materials and Structures16(3): R1.
3.
AsaiTWatanabeY (2017) Outrigger tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducers for high-rise buildings subject to long period earthquakes. Engineering Structures153: 404–410.
4.
AsaiTArakiYIkagoK (2017) Energy harvesting potential of tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducers. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing84: 659–672.
5.
AsaiTArakiYIkagoK (2018) Structural control with tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducers. Structural Control and Health Monitoring25(2): e2059.
6.
BeebySPTudorMJWhiteNM (2006) Energy harvesting vibration sources for microsystems applications. Measurement Science and Technology17(12): R175.
7.
CarusoGGaleaniSMeniniL (2018) Semi-active damping and energy harvesting using an electromagnetic transducer. Journal of Vibration and Control24(12): 2542–2561.
8.
CassidyILScruggsJT (2013) Nonlinear stochastic controllers for power-flow-constrained vibratory energy harvesters. Journal of Sound and Vibration332(13): 3134–3147.
9.
CassidyILScruggsJTBehrensS (2011a) Optimization of partial-state feedback for vibratory energy harvesters subjected to broadband stochastic disturbances. Smart Materials and Structures20(8): 085019.
10.
CassidyILScruggsJTBehrensS, et al.(2011b) Design and experimental characterization of an electromagnetic transducer for large-scale vibratory energy harvesting applications. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures22(17): 2009–2024.
11.
ChopraA (2007) Dynamics of Structures, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
12.
DaqaqMFStablerCQaroushY, et al.(2009) Investigation of power harvesting via parametric excitations. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures20(5): 545–557.
13.
DrezetCKacemNBouhaddiN (2018) Design of a nonlinear energy harvester based on high static low dynamic stiffness for low frequency random vibrations. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical283: 54–64.
14.
HanBVassilarasSPapadiasCB, et al.(2013) Harvesting energy from vibrations of the underlying structure. Journal of Vibration and Control19(15): 2255–2269.
15.
Haraguchi R and Asai T (2017) Numerical verification of the tuned inertial mass effect of a wave energy converter. In: ASME 2017 conference on smart materials, adaptive structures and intelligent systems, Snowbird, Utah, September 18-20, 2017, paper no. V001T07A003. New York: ASME.
16.
IkagoKSaitoKInoueN (2012) Seismic control of single-degree-of-freedom structure using tuned viscous mass damper. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics41(3): 453–474.
17.
JamshidiMChangCBakhshiA (2017) Self-powered hybrid electromagnetic damper for cable vibration mitigation. Smart Structures and Systems20(3): 285–301.
18.
JungHYKimIHJungHJ (2017) Feasibility study of the electromagnetic damper for cable structures using real-time hybrid simulation. Sensors17(11): 2499.
19.
KnightCDavidsonJBehrensS (2008) Energy options for wireless sensor nodes. Sensors8(12): 8037.
20.
Lattanzio SM and Scruggs JT (2011) Maximum power generation of a wave energy converter in a stochastic environment. In: 2011 IEEE international conference on control applications (CCA), Denver, CO, September 28-30, 2011, pp.1125–1130. New York: IEEE.
21.
LazarIFNeildSWaggD (2014) Using an inerter-based device for structural vibration suppression. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics43(8): 1129–1147.
22.
LiangCZuoL (2017) On the dynamics and design of a two-body wave energy converter. Renewable Energy101: 265–274.
23.
MahmoudiSKacemNBouhaddiN (2014) Enhancement of the performance of a hybrid nonlinear vibration energy harvester based on piezoelectric and electromagnetic transductions. Smart Materials and Structures23(7): 075024.
24.
McCullaghJJScruggsJTAsaiT (2016) Vibration energy harvesting with polyphase AC transducers. Proceedings of SPIE9799: 979926.
25.
NagemRMadanshettySMedhiG (1997) An electromechanical vibration absorber. Journal of Sound and Vibration200(4): 551–556.
26.
NagodeCAhmadianMTaheriS (2010) Effective energy harvesting devices for railroad applications. Proceedings of SPIE7643: 76430X.
27.
NakamuraYHanzawaT (2017) Performance-based placement design of tuned electromagnetic inertial mass dampers. Frontiers in Built Environment3: 26.
28.
PillayPKrishnanR (1989) Modeling, simulation, and analysis of permanent-magnet motor drives. I. The permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications25(2): 265–273.
29.
PriyaSInmanD (2008) Energy Harvesting Technologies, New York: Springer.
30.
RoundySWrightPKRabaeyJ (2003) A study of low level vibrations as a power source for wireless sensor nodes. Computer Communications26(11): 1131–1144.
31.
ShenWZhuS (2015) Harvesting energy via electromagnetic damper: application to bridge stay cables. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures26(1): 3–19.
32.
SmithMC (2002) Synthesis of mechanical networks: the inerter. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control47(10): 1648–1662.
33.
SpencerBFDykeSJSainMK, et al.(1997) Phenomenological model for magnetorheological dampers. Journal of Engineering Mechanics123(3): 230–238.
34.
Tang X, Zuo L and Kareem A (2011) Assessment of energy potential and vibration mitigation of regenerative tuned mass dampers on wind excited tall buildings. In: The ASME 2011 international design engineering technical conferences and computers and information in engineering conference, Washington, DC, August 28-31, 2011, pp.333–342. New York: ASME.
35.
Wang JJ, Penamalli GP and Zuo L (2012) Electromagnetic energy harvesting from train induced railway track vibrations. In: Proceedings of 8th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications, Suzhou, China, July 8-10, 2012, pp.29–34.
36.
WatanabeYSugiuraKAsaiT (2018) Experimental verification of a tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducer. Proceedings of SPIE10595: 105953L.
37.
WeiCJingX (2017) A comprehensive review on vibration energy harvesting: modelling and realization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews74: 1–18.
38.
ZuoLTangX (2013) Large-scale vibration energy harvesting. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures24(11): 1405–1430.
39.
ZuoLScullyBShestaniJZhouY (2010) Design and characterization of an electromagnetic energy harvester for vehicle suspensions. Smart Material and Structures19(4): 045003.
