A low-complexity highly accurate sound source localization algorithm based on sound sensor arrays

Abstract

A fast and highly accurate mathematical sound source localization (SSL) algorithm is presented to locate the sound source. Although the concept is based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method, the SSL is accomplished, without the need to perform complex calculations and heavy processing. The proposed idea is examined in a simple three- and four-microphone array for detection in two-dimensional (2-D) media. The concept is developed to a five-microphone array to evaluate the applicability of the idea in a 3-D space. As a TDOA method, reading out the time delays is accompanied with the errors in real applications. To further suppress the adverse effects, a seven-microphone array is investigated to cover a whole 3-D space with the least error. Compared with the conventional methods, by decreasing the calculation complexities, the proposed approach alleviates the hardware costs and the processing time, making it a proper choice for many SSL applications.

Keywords

Localization microphone array sound source sound sensors time difference of arrival

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Abiri

Pourmohammad

(2016) A rieview of the sound detection and localization of the snipers. In: 3rd national conference and 1st international conference of applied researches in electrical engineering, mechanics and mechatronics. Tehran, Iran, February 2016, 17–18.

Amiri

(2021) Fast texture retrieval using walsh-hadamard Transform. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal 18(3): 137–153.

Borzino

Apolinário

De Campos

(2015) Robust DOA estimation of heavily noisy gunshot signals. In: IEEE international conference on acoustics speech and signal processing (ICASSP), South Brisbane QLD, Australia, 19-24 April 2015, 449–453.

Diaz-Guerra

Miguel

Beltran

(2021) Robust sound source tracking using SRP-PHAT and 3D convolutional neural Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions On Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 29(1): 300–311.

Dorostan

Zabihi

Asgharzadeh

, et al. (2021) Explaining the components of feeling safe in crime prevention in urban design. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal 18(1): 77–93.

Han

(2020) Research on sound source localization and real-time facial expression recognition for security robot. In: 2020 International Conference on Computer Science and Communication Technology (ICCSCT), Hangzhou, China, 25-26 July 2020.

(2012) Bias reduction for an explicit solution of source localization using TDOA. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 60(5): 2101–2114.

Hoseini

Rezaie

Zanjireh

(2017) Time difference of arrival estimation of sound source using Cross Correlation and modified maximum likelihood weighting function. Scientia Iranica D 24(6): 3268–3279.

Hrabina

Sigmund

(2018) Gunshot recognition using low level features in the time domain. In: 28th international conference radioelektronika. Prague, Czech Republic, 19-20 April 2018, 1–5.

10.

Jin

Zhang

(2018) Robust time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization using weighted least squares with cone tangent plane constraint. Sensors 18(3): 778.

11.

Kan

Wang

Zha

, et al. (2015) Passive Acoustic source localization at a low sampling rate based on a five-element cross microphone array. Sensors 15(1): 13326–13347.

12.

Kraljević

Russo

Stella

, et al. (2020) Free-Field TDOA-AOA sound source localization using three soundfield microphones. IEEE Access 8(1): 87749–87761.

13.

Kumar

(2017) Study of sound source localization using music method in real acoustic environment. International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research 9(4): 545–556.

14.

Pertilä

Parviainen

Myllylä

, et al. (2020) Time difference of arrival estimation with Deep learning – from acoustic simulations to recorded data. In: IEEE 22nd international workshop on multimedia signal processing (MMSP). Tampere, Finland, 21–24 september 2020, 1–6.

15.

Rahimi

Sadeghi

Ghasemi

, et al. (2015) A combined method to locate of the sound source for far and near field applications. Scientific and Research Journal of Iranian Audio Engineering Institution 3(1): 10–25.

16.

Ramamurthy

Unnikrishnan

Donohue

(2009) Experimental performance analysis of sound source detection with SRP PHAT-β. IEEE Southeastcon 2009: 422–427.

17.

Tehrani

Makkiabadi

Pourmohammad

, et al. (2018) Sound source localization using time differences of arrival; euclidean distance matrices based approach. In: 9th international symposium on telecommunications (IST), Tehran, Iran, 17-19 December 2018, 91–95.

18.

Zuo

, et al. (2019) Time difference of arrival (TDoA) localization combining weighted least squares and firefly algorithm. Sensors 19(11): 2554.

19.

Yassin

Nasser

Awad

, et al. (2017) Recent advances in indoor localization: a survey on theoretical approaches and applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19(2): 1327–1346.

20.

Zhang

Han

, et al. (2019) Performance comparison of UCA and UCCA based real-time sound source localization systems using circular harmonics SRP method. Journal of Applied Acoustics 164: 107241.