This article starts with a critique of Guba and Lincoln's outline of competing paradigms for research, in particular arguing that the constructivist position fails to account for experiential knowing. The arguments for a participatory worldview are articulated based on a subjective-objective ontology; an extended epistemology of experiential, presentational, propositional, and practical ways of knowing; a methodology based on cooperative relations between coresearchers; and an axiology that affirms the primary value of practical knowing in the service of human flourishing.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abram, D. (1996). The spell of the sensuous. New York: Pantheon .
2.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D. (1974). Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
3.
Argyris, C., Putnam, R., & Smith, M. C. (1985). Action science: Concepts, methods, and skills for research and intervention . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
4.
Bachrach, P, & Botwinick, A. (1992). Power and empowerment: A radical theory of participatory democracy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
5.
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. San Francisco: Chandler.
6.
Berman, M. (1981). The reenchantment of the world. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
7.
Bookchin, M. (1991). The ecology of freedom: The emergence and dissolution of hierarchy (Rev. ed.). Montreal and New York: Black Rose Books.
8.
Brockman, J. (Ed.). (1977). About Bateson. New York: E. P Dutton .
9.
Carr, W., & Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming critical: Education, knowledge and action research. Basingstoke: Falmer.
10.
Cooperrider, D. L., & Srivastva, S. (1987). Appreciative inquiry in organizational life. In R. Woodman & W Pasmore (Eds.), Research in organizational change and development (Vol. 1). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
11.
Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12.
Culler, J. (1982). On deconstruction . Ithaca: New York University Press .
13.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln Y. S. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
14.
Derrida, J. (1976). Of grammatology . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
15.
Derrida, J. (1981). Positions . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
16.
Dulles, A. (1992). Models of revelation. Dublin: Gill andMacmillan.
17.
Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L., & Allen, S. D. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: A guide to methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
18.
Fals-Borda, O. (1996). Remarks on participatory research at the conference Quality in Human Inquiry. Centre for Action Research in Professional Practice, University of Bath. Transcript published in Collaborative Inquiry, 19, 2.
19.
Fals-Borda, O., & Rahman, M. A. (1991). Action and knowledge: Breaking the monopoly with participatory action research. New York : Intermediate Technology Apex.
20.
Fryer, D., & Feather, N. T. (1994). Intervention techniques. In C. Cassell & G. Symon (Eds.), Qualitative methods in organizational researchLondon: Sage.
21.
Gebser, J. (1985). The ever present origin. Athens: OhioUniversity Press.
22.
Gergen, K. J. (1986). Correspondence versus autonomy in the language of understanding human action. In D. W. Fiske & R. A. Shweder (Eds.), Metatheory in social scienceChicago: University of Chicago Press.
23.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation . Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
24.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative researchThousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
25.
Hammond, M., Howarth, J. , & Keat, R. (1991 ). Understanding phenomenology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
26.
Heron, J. (1989). The facilitator's handbook. London: Kogan Page.
27.
Heron, J. (1992). Feeling and personhood: Psychology in another key. London: Sage.
28.
Heron, J. (1993). Group facilitation: Theories and models for practice. London: Kogan Page.
29.
Heron, J. (1996). Co-operative inquiry: Research into the human condition. London: Sage.
30.
Kegan, R. (1994). In over our heads: The mental demands of modern life. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
31.
Kuhn, T. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
32.
Lincoln, Y S. (1997). The sixth (and seventh) moments in qualitative research. Collaborative Inquiry, 20.
33.
Macmurray, J. (1957). The self as agent. London: Faber and Faber .
34.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1995). Designing qualitative research . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35.
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception (C. Smith, Trans.). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
36.
Mies, M. (1993). Feminist research: Science, violence and responsibility In M. Mies & V Shiva (Eds.), Ecofeminism. London: Zed Books.
37.
Ogilvy, J. (1986). Contribution to discussion "Critical questions about new paradigm thinking" ReVision, 9(1), 4.
38.
Olesen, V (1994). Feminisms and models of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative researchThousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39.
Randall, R., & Southgate, J. (1980). Co-operative and community group "dynamics" ... Or your meetings needn't be so appallingLondon: Barefoot Books.
40.
Reason, P. (1993). Reflections on sacred experience and sacred science. Journal of Management Inquiry, 2(3), 273-283.
41.
Reason, P. (1994a). Co-operative inquiry, participatory action research and action inquiry: Three approaches to participative inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
42.
Reason, P. (Ed.). (1994b). Participation in human inquiry. London: Sage.
43.
Reason, P (1996). Reflections on the purposes of human inquiry. Qualitative Inquiry, 2(1), 15-28.
44.
Reason, P, & Heron, J. (1995). Co-operative inquiry. In R. Harre, J. Smith, & L. Van Langenhove (Eds.), Rethinking in psychologyLondon: Sage.
45.
Schon, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner. New York: Basic Books .
46.
Schwandt, T. A. (1994). Constructivist, interpretist approaches to human inquiry. In N. K. Denzin & Y S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative researchThousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
47.
Skolimowski, H. (1994). The participatory mind. London: Arkana.
48.
Spiegelberg, H. (1960). The phenomenological movement. The Hague: Nijhoff.
49.
Storm, H. (1972). Seven arrows . New York: Harper & Row.
50.
Storm, H. (1994). Lightningbolt . New York: Ballantine.
51.
Swimme, B. (1984). The universe is a green dragon. Santa Fe, NM: Bear.
52.
Tarnas, R. (1991). The passion of the Western mind. New York: Ballantine.
53.
Torbert, W. R. (1987). Managing the corporate dream: Restructuring for long-term success. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin.
54.
Torbert, W. R. (1991). The power of balance: Transforming self, society, and scientific inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
55.
Varela, F., Thompson, E. , & Rosch, E. (1993 ). The embodied mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
56.
von Glasersfeld, E. (1991). Knowing without metaphysics: Aspects of the radical constructivist position . In E Steier (Ed.), Research and reflexivity. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
