This study examined correlates of making an intimate partner engage in unprotected sex among perpetrators of sexual violence. Based on the Confluence Model, we hypothesized that power and impersonal sex motives would be higher among perpetrators who made a dating partner have unprotected sex. Among a subsample of 78 male college students, significant differences were found for acceptance of verbal pressure, positive attitudes about casual sex, frequency of sexual intercourse, and physical injuries to dating partners. These findings highlight the importance of integrating theories and interventions directed at sexual assault and sexual risk reduction.
Abbey, A. ( 2002). Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, (Suppl. 14), 118-128.
2.
Abbey, A., & McAuslan, P. ( 2004). A longitudinal examination of male college students’ perpetration of sexual assault. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 747-756.
3.
Abbey, A., McAuslan, P., & Ross, L.T. ( 1998). Sexual assault perpetration by college men: The role of alcohol, misperception of sexual intent, and beliefs and experiences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17, 167-195.
4.
Abbey, A., Parkhill, M.R., BeShears, R., Clinton-Sherrod, A.M., & Zawacki, T. ( 2006). Crosssectional predictors of sexual assault perpetration in a community sample of single men. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 54-67.
5.
Bowleg, L., Lucas, K.J., & Tschann, J.M. ( 2004). "The ball was always in his court": An exploratory analysis of relationship scripts, sexual scripts, and condom use among AfricanAmerican women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 70-82.
6.
Buzy, W.M., McDonald, R., Jouriles, E.N., Swank, P.R., Rosenfield, D., Shimek, J.S., et al. (2004). Adolescent girls’ alcohol use as a risk factor for relationship violence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 449-470.
7.
Capaldi, D.M., Dishion, T.J., Stoolmiller, M., & Yoerger, K. ( 2001). Aggression toward female partners by at-risk young men: The contribution of male adolescent friendships. Developmental Psychology, 37, 61-73.
8.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2006). HIV/AIDS surveillance report, 2006 (vol. 18). Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services .
9.
Coker, A.L. ( 2007). Does physical intimate partner violence affect sexual health? A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse , 8, 149-177.
10.
Coker, A.L., Smith, P.H., McKeown, R.E., & King, M.J. ( 2000). Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: Physical, sexual and psychological battering. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 553-559.
11.
Cooper, M.L. ( 2002). Alcohol use and risky sexual behavior among college students and youth: Evaluating the evidence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, (Suppl. 14), 101-117.
12.
Cooper, M.L., & Orcutt, H.K. ( 2000). Alcohol use, condom use, and partner type among heterosexual adolescents and young adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 61, 413-419.
13.
Davis, K.C., Schraufnagel, T.J., George, W.H., & Norris, J. ( 2008). The use of alcohol and condoms during sexual assault . American Journal of Men’s Health, 2, 281-290.
14.
Dienemann, J., Boyle, E., Baker, D., Resnick, W., Wiederhorn, N., & Campbell, J. ( 2000). Intimate partner abuse among women diagnosed with depression . Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 21, 499-513.
15.
El-Bassel, N., Fontdevila, J., Gilbert, L., Voisin, D., Richman, B.L., & Pitchell, P. ( 2001). HIV risks of men in methadone maintenance treatment programs who abuse their intimate partners: A forgotten issue. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 29-43.
16.
Forke, C.M., Myers, R.K., Catallozzi, M., & Scwarz, D.F. ( 2008). Relationship violence among female and male college undergraduate students. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine , 16, 634-641.
17.
Frieze, I.H. ( 1983). Investigating the causes and consequences of marital rape. Signs, 8, 532-553.
18.
Hall, G.C.N., & Hirschman, R. ( 1991). Toward a theory of sexual aggression: A quadripartite model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 662-669.
19.
Hendrick, S., & Hendrick, C. ( 1987). Multidimensionality of sexual attitudes. Journal of Sex Research, 23, 502-526.
20.
Jacques-Tiura, A.J., Abbey, A., Parkhill, M.R., & Zawacki, T. ( 2007). Why do some men misperceive women’s sexual intentions more frequently than others do? An application of the Confluence Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1467-1480.
21.
Kennedy, S.B., Nolen, S., Applewhite, J., & Waiter, E. ( 2007). Urban African American males’ perceptions of condom use, gender and power, and HIV/STD prevention program. Journal of the National Medical Association, 99, 1395-1401.
22.
Lisak, D., & Roth, S. ( 1988). Motivational factors in nonincarcerated sexually aggressive men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 795-802.
23.
Malamuth, N.M., Sockloskie, R.J., Koss, M.P., & Tanaka, J.S. ( 1991). Characteristics of aggressors against women: Testing a model using a national sample of college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 670-681.
24.
Martin, E.K., Taft, C.T., & Resick, P.A. ( 2007). A review of marital rape. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 329-347.
25.
Nelson, P.A. ( 1979). Personality, sexual function, and sexual behavior: An experiment in methodology (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1979) . Dissertation Abstracts International, 39, 6134.
26.
Norris, J., Masters, N., & Zawacki, T. ( 2004). Cognitive mediation of women’s sexual decision making: The influence of alcohol, contextual factors, and background variables . Annual Review of Sex Research, 15, 258-296.
27.
Parkhill, M.R., & Abbey, A. ( 2008). The addition of alcohol to the confluence model of sexual assault perpetration. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 27, 529-554.
28.
Pulerwitz, J., Amaro, H., De Jong, W., Gortmaker, S.L., & Rudd, R. ( 2002). Relationship power, condom use and HIV risk among women in the USA. AIDS Care, 14, 789-800.
29.
Raj, A., Santana, C., La Marche, A., Amaro, H., Cranston, K., & Silverman, J.G. (2006). Perpetration of intimate partner violence associated with sexual risk behaviors among young adult men . American Journal of Public Health, 96, 1873-1878.
30.
Roberts, T.A., Auinger, P., & Klein, J.D. ( 2005). Intimate partner abuse and the reproductive health of sexually active female adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 380-385.
31.
Santana, M.C., Raj, A., Decker, M.R., La Marche, A., & Silverman, J.G. (2006). Masculine gender roles associated with increased sexual risk and intimate partner violence perpetration among young adult men. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 83, 575-585.
32.
Schwartz, M.D., & DeKeseredy, W.S. (1997). Sexual assault on the college campus: The role of male peer support. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
33.
Sears, H.A., Byers, E.S., & Price, E.L. ( 2007). The co-occurrence of adolescent boys’ and girls’ use of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviours in their dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 487-504.
34.
Smith, P.H., Thornton, G.E., DeVellis, R., Earp, J., & Coker, A.L. ( 2002). A population-based study of the prevalence and distinctiveness of battering, physical assault, and sexual assault in intimate relationships . Violence Against Women, 8, 1208-1232.
35.
Smith, P.H., White, J.W., & Holland, L.J. ( 2003). A longitudinal perspective on dating violence among adolescent and college-age women. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1104-1109.
36.
Straus, M.A., Hamby, S.L., Boney-McCoy, S. & Sugarman, D.B. ( 1996). The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Journal of Family Issues, 17, 283-316.
37.
Sullivan, J.P., & Mosher, D.L. ( 1990). Acceptance of guided imagery of marital rape as a function of macho personality. Violence and Victims, 5, 275-286.
38.
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. ( 2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). New York: Harper Collins .
39.
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. ( 2000). Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence against Women Survey. Violence Against Women, 6, 142-161.
40.
Wheeler, J.G., George, W.H., & Dahl, B.J. ( 2002). Sexually aggressive college males: Empathy as a moderator in the "Confluence Model" of sexual aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 759-775.
