The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between intimate partner v iolence (IPV) and HIV risk among socioeconomically disadvantaged Chilean women. A correlational analysis with data from the NIH-funded project, “Testing an HIV/AIDS Prevention Intervention for Chilean Women,” was conducted. Two hundred and sixty-one women were included in this analysis (n = 261). Those women who had experienced any type of IPV in the past 3 months had significantly higher risk for HIV than those who had not (t = -2.016, p < .05). Also a linear trend was found among those women who had experienced more than one type of IPV in the past 3 months and HIV risk.
Campbell, J. ( 2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet, 359, 1331-1336.
2.
Centers for Disease Control. (2007). HIV AIDS among women: CDC HIV/AIDS fact sheet. Retrieved February 26, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv
3.
Centers for Disease Control. (2008). Intimate partner violence: Consequences fact sheet. Retrieved February 26, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/intimatepartnerviolence/consequences.html
4.
Cianelli, R. ( 2003). HIV/AIDS issues among Chilean women: Cultural factors and perception of risk factors for HIV/AIDS acquisition. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.
5.
Conasida. (2005). Caracterización epidemiológica de la infección por VIH/SIDA en Chile. Diciembre de 2003 [Epidemiological characterization of HIV/AIDS infection in Chile] . Revista Chilena de Infectología, 22, 169-202.
6.
Desuc. (2006). Detección y Análisis de la Prevalencia de la Violencia Intrafamiliar en la Región Metropolitana, de Coquimbo y Temuco [Detection and analysis of Intrafamiliar violence in the Metropolitan Region, Coquimbo and Temuco]. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Presentación desarrollada para Magíster en Enfermería, segundo semestre2006.
7.
Dunkle, K., Jewkes, R., Brown, H., Gray, G., MacIntryre, J., & Harlow, S. ( 2004) Gender-based violence, relationship power and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. Lancet, 363, 1415-1421.
8.
El-Bassel, N., White, S.S., Gilbert, L., & Wu, E. ( 2003). The efficacy of a relationship based HIV/STD prevention program for heterosexual couples. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 963.
9.
Ferrer, L., Cianelli, R., Peragallo, N., & Cabieses, B. ( 2005). Violencia doméstica y su relación con depresión y autoestima en mujeres Mejicanas y Puertorriqueñas en Estados Unidos [Domestic violence and its relationship with depression and self esteem in Mexican and Puerto Rican women in the United States]. Revista Horizonte de Enfermería, 15, 23-35.
10.
Flacso. (2005). Resumen Ejecutivo. Estudio de Caracterización de los factores de riesgo y vulnerabilidad frente al VIH/SIDA en mujeres dueñas de casa y trabajadores de casa particular [Study on the characterization of risk factors and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among housewives and private household workers]. Proyecto Desarrollo de Modelos y Estrategias de Prevención del VIH en Poblaciones Vulnerables Emergentes. Retrieved from http://www.criaps.cl/descarga/doc_elect_RESUMEN_PVE_MUJERES.pdf
11.
Garcia-Moreno, R., Jansen, A., Ellsberg, I., Heise, L., & Watts, C.H. ( 2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence . Lancet, 368, 1260-1269.
12.
Gielen, A., McDonnel, K., & O’Campo, P. (2001). Intimate partner violence, HIV status, and sexual risk reduction. AIDS and Behavior, 6, 107-116.
13.
Harvey, S.M., Henderson, J.T., Thorburn, S., & Beckman, L.J. ( 2004). A randomized study of a pregnancy and disease prevention intervention for Hispanic couples. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36, 162-169.
14.
Heise, L., Raikes, A., Watts, C., & Swi, A.( 1994). Violence against women: A neglected public health issue in less developed countries. Social Science and Medicine, 39, 1165-1178.
15.
Hogar de Cristo, Universidad de Diego Portales, & Fundación para la superación de la pobreza. (2007). ¿Como se mide la pobreza? [How is poverty measured?]. Retrieved from http://www.comunicacionypobreza.cl/noticias_desplegadas.php?tipo=15&id=34&texto=%20como%20mide%20pobreza
16.
Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas. (2003). Resultados censales censo 2002 [Census results 2002]. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica de Chile. Retrieved from http://www.ine.cl/cd2002/sintesiscensal.pdf
17.
Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas. (2006). Chile: Ciudades, pueblos, aldeas y caseríos [Chile: Cities, towns, villages, countryside]. Retrieved from http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/demografia_y_vitales/demografia/pdf/censo1992.pdf
18.
Karamagi, C., Tumwine, J., Tylleskar, T., & Heggenhouge, K. (2006). Intimate partner violence against women in eastern Uganda: Implications for HIV prevention. BMC Public Health, 6, 284.
19.
Larrain, S. ( 2005). Evaluación de riesgo violencia Intrafamilia [Risk evaluation and intradfamilial violence]. Facultad de derecho. Universidad de Chile. Presentación desarrollada para Magíster en Enfermería, segundo semestre2006.
20.
Loue, S. ( 2001). Intimate partner violence: Societal, medical, legal and individual responses. Cleveland, OH: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
21.
Ministerio de Justicia. (2001). Ley N 19.779. Ley en prevención del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana [Law of the prevention of the human immunodeficiency virus]. Santiago, Chile: Author.
22.
Ministerio de Justicia. (2005). Ley N 20.066. Ley de violencia intrafamiliar [Law of intrafamilial violence]. Santiago, Chile: Author.
23.
Minsal. (2006). Evolución de VIH/SIDA Chile, 1984-2005 [Evolution of HIV/AIDS in Chile, 1984-2005]. Retrieved from http://epi.minsal.cl
24.
Minsal. (2008). Informe nacional: Estado de situación de casos confirmados VIH/SIDA 2004-2008 [National report: The state of the situation of confirmed cases of HIV/AIDS 2004-2008] . Santiago: Gobierno de Chile.
25.
National Coalition against Domestic Violence. ( 2007). Psychological abuse. Retrieved from http://www.ncadv.org/files/PsychologicalAbuse.pdf
26.
National Institutes of Health. (1998). HIV risk reduction among Latinas: Project SEPA (Grant No. RO1 NR04746-04) . Bethesda, MD: Author.
27.
National Institutes of Health. (2004). Testing an HIV/AIDS prevention intervention with Chilean women (Grant No. RO1 TW 006977). Retrieved from www.manoamano.cl
28.
National Institutes of Health. (2005). HIV Infection and AIDS: An overview. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/hivinf.htm
29.
Peragallo, N., DeForge, B., O’Campo, P., Lee, S.M., Kim, Y.J., & Cianelli, R., et al. (2005). A randomized clinical trial of an HIV-risk-reduction intervention among low-income Latina women. Nursing Research , 54, 108-118.
30.
Sernam. (2001). Programa de prevencion de la violencia intrafamiliar [Program for the prevention of intrafamilial violence]. Estudio de Prevalencia realizado por el Centro de Análisis de Políticas Publicas de la Universidad de Chile . Retrieved from http//www.sernam.cl/basemujer/index.htm
Ssmso. (2007). Misión, población, benficiaria y establecimientos [Mission, population, beneficiaries and establishments] Retrieved from http://www.ssmso.cl
33.
Straus, M. ( 2006). The Conflict Tactics Scales. Retrieved from http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/CTS44G.pdf
34.
Taquette, S., Ruzany, M., Meirelles, Z., & Ricardo, I. ( 2003). Violent relationships in young people and STD/AIDS risk . Cad. Saúde Pública, 19, 1437-1444.
35.
Unaids. (2006). 2006 AIDS epidemic update. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org
36.
Unaids. (2008). 2008 AIDS epidemic update. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org
37.
Vidal, F., Carrasco, M., & Pascal, R. ( 2004). Mujeres chilenas viviendo con VIH/SIDA: ¿derechos sexuales y reproductivos? [Chilean women living with HIV: Sexual and reproductive rights?]Santiago, Chile: FLACSO-Chile .
38.
Woods, S., Wineman, M., Page, G., Hall, R., Alexander, T., & Campbell, J. ( 2005). Predicting immune status in women from PTSD and childhood and adult violence. Advances in Nursing Science, 28, 306-319.
39.
World Health Organization. (2004). Violence against women and HIV/AIDS: Critical intersections (Information Bulletin series, N 1). Retrieved from http://www.cabsa.org.za/content/violence-against-women-and-hivaids-critical-intersections
