According to professor of psychology Claude Steele, practices such as support services for so-called at-risk students and the sidelining of minority interests in university life can actually undermine minority achievement. So what helps promote it? The answer for Steele and other educators at the University of Michigan is to raise expectations for all students. This is the philosophy behind the 21st Century Program.
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References
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American Council on Education.Minorities in Higher Education.Washington, D.C.: Office of Minority Concerns,1990.
2.
NettlesM. T.To ward Undergraduate Student Equality in American Higher Education.New York: Greenwood,1988.
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SteeleC. M., and AronsonJ.“Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans.”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995, 69(5).
