Abstract
Due to lower environmental pollution and also higher biodegradability of vegetable base oils relative to mineral base oils, they can be a good alternative for mineral base types in the metal forming industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lubrication efficiency of vegetable base oils relative to mineral base oils (SAE 10 W oil) and, if possible, to replace them with mineral base oils in forging. For the extraction of shear friction coefficient, the friction calibration curves have been used by implementing ring compression tests. In order to evaluate the performance of vegetable base oils and do comparison with mineral base oils, surface roughness, friction coefficient and pressing forces have been extracted for both conditions. Experimental works were carried out using a hydraulic press putting pressure on ring-shaped specimens of 2024 aluminum alloy at room temperature. The results of the experimental studies showed that the vegetable base oils had a satisfactory lubrication performance relative to the mineral base oil (SAE 10 W oil). It was inferred that vegetable base lubricants especially walnut oil, leads to 22% reduction of friction coefficient and also it yields to much lower forming forces compared with mineral base lubricants. Moreover, using vegetable base oils leads to more perseverance of the initial surfaces quality about 26% and 37% relative to the mineral base lubricant and the dry status (no lubrication), respectively.
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