Numerical and experimental research on engagement process of wet multi-plate friction clutches with groove consideration

Abstract

A numerical model is established to investigate the effects of the influencing factors such as design parameters and operating conditions on the performance and behavior of the engagement process of the wet clutch based on the Navier–Stokes equations, contact mechanics, and heat transfer theory. A finite element contact model called KE contact model is used to analyze the rough contact during engagement process and thermal effect on the viscosity is considered based on heat transfer theory. The integration of the grooving into the simulation and the method of coupled finite element by domain decomposition of groove and ungrooved areas are put forward to facilitate the analysis. The experimental results agree well with the numerical model which takes the normal pressure, the temperature of ATF, relative revolution speed, the permeability and the groove geometry into account. The results of numerical simulation and the experiment indicate that the applied pressure not only affects the engagement time, but also has influence on the value of the engagement torque. Besides, the engagement time is roughly proportional to the relative revolution speed. The influencing factors such as the temperature of ATF, the permeability, grooves, the torque judders and effects of PID control parameters are also discussed in the paper. The performance and behavior of the engagement of the wet clutch were studied by two methods of numerical calculation and experimental research, which make the working process of the wet clutch more detailed.

Keywords

Wet clutch engagement contact mechanic heat groove

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Iqbal

Al-bender

Ompusunggu

, et al. Modeling and analysis of wet friction clutch engagement dynamics. Mech Syst Signal Process 2015; 60–61: 420–436.

Natsumeda S and Miyoshi T. Numerical simulation of engagement of paper based wet clutch facing. Journal of Tribology 1994; 116: 1–5.

Patir

Cheng

. An average flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication. ASME J Lubricat Technol 1978; 100: 12–17.

Patir N and Cheng HS. Application of average flow model to lubrication between rough sliding surfaces. Journal of Lubrication Technology 1979; 101: 220–229.

Berger

Sadeghi

Krousgrill

. Finite element modeling of engagement of rough and grooved wet clutches. ASME J Tribol 1996; 118: 137–146.

Gao H and Barber GC. Engagement of a Rough, lubricated and grooved disk clutch ith a porous deformable paper-based friction material. Tribology Transactions 2002; 45: 464–470.

Holgerson M. Apparatus for measurement of engagement characteristics of a wet clutch. Wear 1997; 213: 140–147.

Khonsari MM. Thermal characteristics of a wet clutch. ASME J. Tribol 1999; 121: 610–617.

Jang JY, Khonsari MM and Maki R. Three-Dimensional Thermohydrodynamic Analysis of a Wet Clutch With Consideration of Grooved Friction Surfaces 133. Journal of Tribology 2011; 133: 011703. DOI: 10.1115/1.4003019.

10.

Wenbin L, Jianfeng H, Jie F, et al. Simulation and application of temperature field of carbon fabric wet clutch during engagement based on finite element analysis. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2016; 71: 180–187.

11.

Wenbin

Jianfeng

Jie

, et al. Tribology International Study on tribological properties as a function of operating conditions for carbon fabric wet clutch. Tribiology Int 2016; 94: 428–436.

12.

Wenbin

Jianfeng

Jie

, et al. Tribology international simulation of the engagement of carbon fabric wet clutch: analytical and experimental comparison. Tribiology Int 2015; 90: 502–508.

13.

Zhigang

Xiaohui

Dong

. Dynamic temperature rise mechanism and some controlling factors of wet clutch engagement. Math Prob in Eng 2016: 1–12. .

14.

Yan-zhong W, Yuan LI, Ke-yan N, et al. Modeling and analysis of wet clutch engagement characteristics. Journal of Chongqing University 2015; 14: 1–8.

15.

Li M, Khonsari MM, Mccarthy DMC, et al. Parametric analysis for a paper-based wet clutch with groove consideration. Tribology International 2014; 80: 222–233.

16.

Berkel K Van Hofman

Serrarens

, et al. Control Engineering Practice Fast and smooth clutch engagement control for dual-clutch transmissions. Control Eng Pract 2014; 22: 57–68.

17.

Partogi

Sas

Brussel H

Van

. Mechatronics Modeling and simulation of the engagement dynamics of a wet friction clutch system subjected to degradation: an application to condition monitoring and prognostics. Mechatronics 2013; 23: 700–712.

18.

Yan- LIU. Dynamic engaging characteristics of wet clutch in automatic transmission structure and working principle of clutch. Journal of Donghua University (English Edition) 2013; 7–12.

19.

Razzaque

Kato

. Effects of groove orientation on hydrodynamic behavior of wet clutch coolant films. J Tribol 2017; 121: 56–61.

20.

Dong W and Liang-jun XU. Modeling of contact surface morphology and dust particles by using finite element method. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 2007; 8: 403–407.

21.

Greenwood JA and Williamson JBP. Contact of nominally flat surfaces. Proc R Soc London Ser A Math Phys Sci 1966; 295: 300 LP – 319 LP.

22.

Kogut L and Etsion I. A finite element based elastic-plastic model for the contact of rough surfaces. Tribology Transactions 2003; 46: 383–390.

23.

Sepehri A and Farhang K. On elastic interaction of nominally flat rough surfaces. Journal of Tribology 2008; 130: 1–5.

24.

Marklund P and Larsson R. Wet clutch under limited slip conditions-simplified testing and simulation[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 2007; 221: 545–552.

25.

Cui

Wang

Xie

, et al. Numerical investigation on transient thermal behavior of multidisk friction pairs in hydro-viscous drive. Appl Therm Eng 2014; 67: 409–422.

26.

Jen

Nemecek

. Thermal analysis of a wet-disk clutch subjected to a constant energy engagement. Int J Heat Mass Transf 2008; 51: 1757–1769.

27.

Huang

Lin

. Studies on centrifugal clutch judder behavior and the design of frictional lining materials. Mech Syst Signal Process 2016; 66-67: 811–828.

28.

Meng

Shi

Reza

, et al. Optimal design of an electro-hydraulic valve for heavy-duty vehicle clutch actuator with certain constraints. Mech Syst Signal Process 2016; 68-69: 491–503.

29.

Depraetere

Pinte

Symens

, et al. Mechatronics A two-level Iterative Learning Control scheme for the engagement of wet clutches. Mechatronics 2011; 21: 501–508.

30.

Dutta

Zhong

Depraetere

, et al. Mechatronics Model-based and model-free learning strategies for wet clutch control. Mechatronics 2014; 24: 1008–1020.

31.

Rodriguez A, Camagüey U De, Agramonte I, et al. Improving wet clutch engagement with reinforcement learning improving wet clutch engagement with reinforcement learning. In: The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2014. DOI: 10.1109/IJCNN.2012.6252825.