Ranking analysis of flyash – basalt fibre – polyamide 66 polymer composites based on the mechanical and sliding wear performance metrics using hybrid AHP-R method
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online November, 2023
Ranking analysis of flyash – basalt fibre – polyamide 66 polymer composites based on the mechanical and sliding wear performance metrics using hybrid AHP-R method
This research work investigates the physical, mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, and dry sliding wear characteristics of hybrid flyash particulates (F-class; 0 – 20 wt.% at the step of 5%)–basalt fibres (chopped; fixed 10 wt.%) reinforced polyamide 66 polymer composites fabricated using the twin screw extruder and injection moulding machine. Taguchi's design of experiment optimization approach is used for parameter optimization of the dry sliding wear process, followed by analysis of variance analysis. Further, the hybrid AHP-R method is used for ranking optimization based on the performance metrics. It is observed that the composition having 15 wt.% flyash particulates optimizes overall performance metrics, hence recommended for industrial parts fabrications. It has an experimental density of 1.23 g/cc, voids content of 5.93%, water absorption of 4.21%, tensile strength of 110.73 MPa, flexural strength of 146.72 MPa, Rockwell hardness of 62.44 HRM, fracture toughness of 4.17 MPa√m, impact strength of 2.06 J, the thermal conductivity of 1.24 W/mK, and specific wear rate of 7.55 × 10−4 mm3/Nm. The overall subjective ranking of the hybrid polymer composites attunes with the objective ranking by the hybrid AHP-R method.
AgarwalBDBroutmanLJChandrashekharaK. Analysis and performance of fiber composite. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 1992, p. 440.
2.
MarkHF. Encyclopedia of polymer science and technology. In: PalmerRJ (eds) Polyamides, plastics. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001, pp.618–643.
3.
SharmaRPKumarM. Mechanical and tribological performance of polymer composite materials: a review. J Phys Conf Ser2020; 1455: 1–7. Epub ahead of print 2020. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1455/1/012033.
4.
SharmaRPSharmaAJeganmohanS, et al.Parametric optimization and ranking analysis of basalt fiber – marble dust particulates – polyamide 66 polymer composites under dry sliding wear investigation. Proc IMechE Part E: J Process Mech Eng2023: 1–22.Epub ahead of print 2023. DOI: 10.1177/09544089231170999.
5.
PandeyVC. Phytomanagement of fly ash. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Elsevier, 2020. p. 279. Epub ahead of print 2020. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818544-5.00009-2.
6.
YuSYeonJHyungS. 3D microstructural characterization and mechanical properties determination of short basalt fiber-reinforced polyamide 6,6 composites. Compos Part B2020; 187: 107839.
7.
AbdelbaryAAbouelwafaMNEl FahhamIM, et al.The effect of surface defects on the wear of Nylon 66 under dry and water lubricated sliding. Tribol Int2013; 59: 163–169.
8.
Sankara NarayanaKSumanKNSArun VikramK. Investigation on dry sliding wear behavior of Nylon66/GnP nano-composite. J Inst Eng Ser D2017; 98: 71–78.
9.
YuSOhKHHongSH. Enhancement of the mechanical properties of basalt fiber-reinforced polyamide 6,6 composites by improving interfacial bonding strength through plasma-polymerization. Compos Sci Technol2019; 182: 107756.
10.
KumarKDShantharajaMKiranMD, et al.Tribological characterization of epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with Al2O3 nanofiller. Adv Mater Sci Eng2023; 2023: 1–10.
11.
SharmaVMeenaMLKumarM, et al.Waste fly ash powder filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite: physical, mechanical, thermo-mechanical and three body abrasive wear analysis. Fibers Polymers2021; 22: 1120–1136.
12.
TimakulPRattanaprasitWAungkavattanaP. Improving compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer composites by basalt fibers addition. Ceram Int2016; 42: 6288–6295.
13.
RajaRSManisekarKManikandanV. Study on mechanical properties of fly ash impregnated glass fiber reinforced polymer composites using mixture design analysis. J Mater2014; 55: 499–508.
14.
TharajakJPalathaiTSombatsompopN. The effects of magnetic field-enhanced thermal spraying on the friction and wear characteristics of poly(ether-ether-ketone) coatings. Wear2017; 372–373: 68–75.
15.
LiYWangSWangQ, et al.Molecular dynamics simulations of tribology properties of NBR (nitrile-butadiene rubber)/carbon nanotube composites. Compos Part B Eng2016; 97: 62–67.
16.
HeYWalshDShiC. Fluoropolymer composite coating for condensing heat exchangers: characterization of the mechanical, tribological and thermal properties. Appl Therm Eng2015; 91: 387–398.
17.
MallakpourSKhademE. Recent development in the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites based on nano-alumina. Prog Polym Sci2014; 51: 74–93.
18.
TangAWangMHuangW, et al.Composition design of Ni-nano-Al2O3-PTFE coatings and their tribological characteristics. Surf Coatings Technol2015; 282: 121–128.
19.
NaffakhMDíez-PascualAMMarcoC, et al.Novel polypropylene/inorganic fullerene-like WS2 nanocomposites containing a β-nucleating agent: mechanical, tribological and rheological properties. Mater Chem Phys2014; 144: 98–106.
20.
PascualAMDNaffakhM. Mechanical and thermal behaviour of isotactic polypropylene reinforced with inorganic fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticles: effect of filler loading and temperature. Mater Chem Phys2013; 141: 979–989.
21.
SaravananIPerumalAEIssacRF. Wear study of cross linked UHMWPE hybrid composite-TiN interface. Surfaces and Interfaces2016; 4: 42–50.
22.
KumarMKumarRTakY, et al.Parametric optimization and ranking analysis of hybrid epoxy polymer composites based on mechanical, thermo-mechanical and abrasive wear performance. High Perform Polym2021; 33: 361–382.
23.
KumarM. Mechanical and sliding wear performance of AA356-Al2O3/SiC/graphite alloy composite materials: parametric and ranking optimization using Taguchi DOE and hybrid AHP-GRA method. Silicon2021; 13: 2461–2477.
24.
KumarM. Application of hybrid AHP-TOPSIS technique in analyzing the braking performance sensitivity of organic-ceramic fibrous reinforced friction composites. Indian J Eng Mater Sci2020; 27: 300–308.
25.
RaoRVLakshmiJ. R-method: a simple ranking method for multi-attribute decision-making in the industrial environment. J Proj Manag2021; 6: 223–230.
26.
Basalt/Rock fiber technical data sheet, HDM fiber and concrete, Hydro design management: 12–13.
27.
ZhouSZhangYZhouD, et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of fly ash stabilized with cement. Adv Civ Eng2020; 2020: 1–11. Epub ahead of print 2020. DOI: 10.1155/2020/6410246.
28.
Technical data sheet of TECHNYL ® A 205F Natural, Solvay Engineering plastics 2007; 55–56.
29.
ASTM D792-00. Standard test methods for density and specific gravity (Relative density) of plastics by displacement.
30.
ASTM D570-98. Standard test method for water absorption of plastics.
31.
LiuHWuQZhangQ. Preparation and properties of banana fiber-reinforced composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE)/Nylon-6 blends. Bioresour Technol2009; 100: 6088–6097.
32.
AhmadlooEGharehaghajiAALatifiM, et al.How fracture toughness of epoxy-based nanocomposite is affected by PA66 electrospun nanofiber yarn. Eng Fract Mech2017; 182: 62–73.
33.
ISO 22007-2. Plastics–determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, Part 2: Transient plane heat source (hot disc) method.
34.
ASTM D7028-07. Standard test method for glass transition temperature (DMA Tg) of polymer matrix composites by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
35.
ASTM E 1131-08. Standard test method for compositional analysis by thermogravimetry.
36.
ASTM G99– 95a. Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on-disk apparatus.
37.
BhaskarSKumarMPatnaikA. Silicon carbide ceramic particulate reinforced AA2024 alloy composite – Part I : evaluation of mechanical and sliding tribology performance. Silicon2020; 12: 843–865.
38.
SinghTPatnaikASatapathyBK, et al.Performance analysis of organic friction composite materials based on carbon nanotubes-organic-inorganic fibrous reinforcement using hybrid AHP-FTOPSIS approach. Compos: Mechanics, Computations, Applications. An Int J2012; 3: 189–214.
39.
SimJKangYKimBJ, et al.Preparation of fly ash/epoxy composites and its effects on mechanical properties. Polymers (Basel)2020; 79: 12–79.
40.
PandaPMishraGMantryS, et al.A study on mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites filled with plasma-synthesized AlN. J Compos Mater2014; 48: 3073–3082.
41.
MauryaSD. Mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of nylon-66/flyash composites: effect of flyash. Org Polym Mater Res2022; 04: 7–14.
42.
SamadMASinhaSK. Mechanical, thermal and tribological characterization of a UHMWPE film reinforced with carbon nanotubes coated on steel. Tribiology Int2011; 44: 1932–1941.
43.
TambrallimathVKeshavamurthyRDavimP, et al.Synthesis and characterization of flyash reinforced polymer composites developed by fused filament fabrication. J Mater Res Technol2022; 21: 810–826.
44.
ChauhanSRKumarASinghI, et al.Effect of fly ash content on friction and dry sliding wear behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites – a Taguchi approach. J Miner Mater Charact Eng2010; 09: 365–387.
45.
PanBZhangSLiW, et al.Tribological and mechanical investigation of MC nylon reinforced by modified graphene oxide. Wear2012; 294–295: 395–401.
46.
BhushanB. Introduction to tribology. 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2013, p. 315.
47.
AlghamdiMN. Performance for fly ash reinforced HDPE composites over the ageing of material components. Polymers (Basel)2022; 14: 1–11. Epub ahead of print 2022. DOI: 10.3390/polym14142913.
48.
GunesIUygunogluTCelikAG. Tribological properties of fly ash blended polymer composites. Rev Mater2021; 26: 1–11. Epub ahead of print 2021. DOI: 10.1590/s1517-707620210001.1229.
