Chinese forbearance ethos disclosing selfing and othering in stereotyping modeling

Abstract

The conceptual framework of this stereotyping modeling research is the methodological-relationalism-based social representations approach (SRA). The classic literary work of the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368) — Xu Ming-kui’s The 100 Exhortations to Forbearance (The 100EF) — is employed for deriving the 10 dyads of parameters of selfing (the cultivating of a self’s principles towards oneself) and othering (the cultivating of the self’s principles towards others) in terms of observation of the forbearance metanorms. These dyads are taken as the dynamic devices, forming a hierarchy, for the self’s forbearance development. The symmetricity and the reciprocity of selfing and othering are seen to be the attributes of the dyads and are interpreted for stereotyping in relation to transgressions of the forbearance metanorms. A hierarchy of the 10 levels of stereotyping is thereby eventually established. This stereotyping modeling as a theoretical framework, developed on the basis of the forbearance feature of the Chinese society and mentality, aims to analyze the development of stereotypes. In this way, this exploration of indigenous stereotyping in defense of the Chinese forbearance ethos is expected to expand and deepen Joffe and Staerklé’s (2007, p. 395) proposition of ‘‘the self-control ethos as the centrality in Western aspersions regarding outgroups.’’

Keywords

Chinese forbearance ethos dyad of selfing and othering modeling relationalism SRA stereotyping

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