This two-part review provides a comprehensive summary of clinical and research
literature on paediatric liver transplantation. Part 1 outlines the peri-operative
issues of liver transplantation, covers a brief history, discusses the indications
and methods of transplantation and outlines the physical complications which can
occur either as a result of the surgery or the subsequent immunosuppressive therapy
required to maintain graft integrity. Post-liver transplantation care may require
prolonged admission in hospital due to the complications that can occur during
surgery and as a result of immunosuppression. This can have a further impact on the
emotional status of the child and family. Health care professionals in all settings
require greater knowledge about paediatric liver transplantation, its associated
complications and long-term health implications.
Baker, A.
,
Dhawan, A.
and
Heaton, N.
(1998)
‘Who Needs a Liver Transplant? (New Disease-specific Indications)’
, Archives of Disease in Childhood79(3):
460-464
.
2.
Balistreri, W.F.
(1998)
‘Transplantation for Childhood Liver Disease: an Overview’
, Liver Transplantation and Surgery4(5) (Supp. 1):
S18-S23
.
3.
Bansal, S.
and
Dhawan, A.
(2004) ‘Acute Liver Failure’,
in
A. Walker
,
O. Goulet
,
R.E. Kleinman
,
P.M. Sherman
,
B.L. Schneider
and
I. Sanderson
(eds) Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis,
Management, pp. 1492-1507.
Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc.
4.
Bhaduri, B.R.
and
Mieli-Vergani, G.
(1996)
‘Fulminant Hepatic Failure: Pediatric Aspects’
, Seminars in Liver Disease16(4):
349-355
.
5.
Broide, E.
,
Farrant, P.
,
Reid, F.
,
Baker, A.
,
Meire, H.
,
Rela, M.
,
Davenport, M.
,
Heaton, N.
and
Mieli-Vergani, G.
(1997)
‘Hepatic Artery Resistance Index Can Predict Early Death in
Children with Biliary Atresia’
, Liver Transplantation and Surgery3(6):
604-610
.
6.
Bucuvalas, J.C.
and
Ryckman, F.C.
(2002)
‘Long-term Outcome After Liver Transplantation in Children’
, Pediatric Transplantation6(1):
30-36
.
7.
Burdelski, M.
,
Nolkemper, D.
,
Ganschow, R.
,
Sturm, E.
,
Malago, M.
,
Rogiers, X.
and
Brolsch, C.E.
(1999)
‘Liver Transplantation in Children: Long-term Outcome and Quality
of Life’
, European Journal of Pediatrics158(Supp. 2):
42
.
8.
Busuttil, R.
(2002)
‘How Safe Are Donors in Adult-to-adult Living Related Liver Transplantation’
, Liver Transplantation8(20):
121-122
.
9.
Busuttil, R.W.
and
Goss, J.A.
(1999)
‘Split Liver Transplantation’
, Annals of Surgery229(3):
313-321
.
10.
Calne, R.Y.
,
Rolles, K.
,
White, D.J.
,
Thiru, S.
,
Evans, D.B.
,
McMaster, P.
,
Dunn, D.C.
,
Craddock, G.N.
,
Henderson, R.G.
,
Aziz, S.
and
Lewis, P.
(1979)
‘Cyclosporin A Initially as the Only Immunosuppressant in 34
Recipients of Cadaveric Organs: 32 Kidneys, 2 Pancreases, and 2 Livers’
, The Lancet2(8151):
1033-1036
.
11.
Cole, C.R.
,
Bucuvalas, J.C.
,
Hornung, R.W.
,
Krug, S.
,
Ryckman, F.C.
,
Atherton, H.
,
Alonso, M.P.
,
Balistreri, W.F.
and
Kotagal, U.
(2004)
‘Impact of Liver Transplantation on Health-related Quality of
Life (HRQL) in Children Less than 5 Years Old’
, Pediatric Transplantation8(3):
222-227
.
12.
D’Antiga, L.
,
Dhawan, A.
,
Portmann, B.
,
Francavilla, R.
,
Rela, M.
,
Heaton, N.
and
Mieli-Vergani, G.
(2002)
‘Late Cellular Rejection in Paediatric Liver Transplantation:
Aetiology and Outcome’
, Transplantation73(1):
80-84
.
13.
De Ville, D.G.
,
Hausleithner, V.
,
Reding, R.
,
Lerut, J.
,
Janssen, M.
and
Otte, J.B.
(1993)
‘Impact of Innovative Techniques on the Waiting List and Results
in Pediatric Liver Transplantation’
, Transplantation56(5):
1130-1136
.
14.
Dhawan, A.
and
Muiesan, P.
(1998)
‘Pediatric Liver Transplantation’
, Acta Paediatrica Japonica40(6):
525-529
.
Holmes, R.D.
and
Sokol, R.J.
(2002)
‘Epstein-Barr Virus and Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease’
, Pediatric Transplantation6(6):
456-464
.
17.
Jaeck, D.
,
Boudjema, K.
,
Audet, M.
,
Chenard-Neu, M.P.
,
Simeoni, U.
,
Meyer, C.
,
Nakano, H.
and
Wolf, P.
(2002)
‘Auxillary Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (APOLT) in
the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure’
, Journal of Gastroenterology37(Supp. 13):
88-91
.
Kasahara, M.
,
Kiuchi, T.
,
Uryuhara, K.
,
Uemoto, S.
,
Fujimoto, Y.
,
Ogura, Y.
,
Oike, F.
,
Kaihara, S.
,
Egawa, H.
and
Tanaka, K.
(2002)
‘Role of HLA Compatibility in Pediatric Living-related Liver Transplantation’
, Transplantation74(8):
1175-1180
.
20.
Lee, H.
and
Vacanti, J.P.
(1996)
‘Liver Transplantation and its Long-term Management in Children’
, Pediatric Clinics of North America43(1):
99-124
.
21.
McDiarmid, S.V.
(2001)
‘Management of the Pediatric Liver Transplant Patient’
, Liver Transplantation7(11):
577-586
.
22.
Mor, E.
,
Solomon, H.
,
Gibbs, J.F.
,
Holman, M.J.
,
Goldstein, R.M.
,
Husberg, B.S.
,
Gonwa, T.A.
and
Klintmalm, G.B.
(1992)
‘Acute Cellular Rejection Following Liver Transplantation:
Clinical Pathologic Features and Effect on Outcome’
, Seminars in Liver Disease12(1):
28-40
.
23.
Morimoto, T.
,
Yamaoka, Y.
,
Tanaka, K.
,
Tanaka, A.
,
Ikai, I.
,
Takada, Y.
,
Yamamoto, Y.
,
Nakamura, Y.
,
Inomata, Y.
,
Honda, K.
,
Inamoto, T.
,
Shimahara, Y.
and
Ozawa, K.
(1994)
‘Questionnaire to Donors Participating in Living Related Liver
Transplantation with Regard to Postoperative Quality of Life’
, Journal of Transplant Coordination4(3):
126-131
.
24.
Mowat, A.P.
(1994) Liver Diseases in Infancy and Childhood (3rd
edn).
Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann
.
25.
Patel, R.
,
Snydman, D.R.
,
Rubin, R.H.
,
Ho, M.
,
Pescovitz, M.
,
Martin, M.
and
Paya, C.V.
(1996)
‘Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients’
, Transplantation61(9):
1279-1289
.
26.
Rela, M.
and
Dhawan, A.
(2002)
‘Liver Transplantation in Children’
, Indian Journal of Pediatrics69(2):
175-183
.
27.
Rela, M.
,
Muiesan, P.
,
Andreani, P.
,
Gibbs, P.
,
Mieli-Vergani, G.
,
Mowat, A.P.
and
Heaton, N.D.
(1997)
‘Auxiliary Liver Transplantation for Metabolic Diseases’
, Transplantation Proceedings29(1-2):
444-445
.
28.
Rela, M.
,
Muiesan, P.
,
Vilca-Melendez, H.
,
Dhawan, A.
,
Baker, A.
,
Mieli-Vergani, G.
and
Heaton, N.D.
(1999)
‘Auxiliary Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation for
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I’
, Annals of Surgery229(4):
565-569
.
29.
Ryckman, F.C.
,
Alonso, M.H.
,
Bucuvalas, J.C.
and
Balistreri, W.F.
(2001) ‘Liver Transplantation in
Children’, in
F.J. Suchy
,
R.J. Sokol
and
W.F. Balistreri
(eds) Liver Disease in Children, pp.
949-973.
Philadelphia, PA: Lippencott Williams and Wilkins
.
30.
Starzl, T.E.
(1992) The Puzzle People: Memoirs of a Transplant
Surgeon.
Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press
.
31.
Starzl, T.E.
,
Groth, C.
,
Brettschneider, L.
,
Penn, I.
,
Fulgitini, V.
,
Moon, J.
,
Blanchard, H.
,
Martin, A.
and
Porter, K.
(1968)
‘Orthotopic Homotransplantation of the Liver in Humans’
, Annals of Surgery168(3):
392-398
.
32.
Suddaby, E.
,
Flattery, M.
and
Luna, M.
(1997)
‘Stress and Coping Among Parents of Children Awaiting Cardiac Transplantation’
, Journal of Transplant Coordination7(1):
36-40
.
33.
Taylor, R.M.
,
Cheeseman, P.
,
Muiesan, P.
,
Underhill, J.
,
Portmann, B.
,
Rela, M.
,
Heaton, N.
,
Mieli-Vergani, G.
and
Dhawan, A.
(2002)
‘Risk Factors for Acute and Chronic Rejection in Paediatric Liver
Transplantation: A Single Centre Experience’
, Hepatology36(4-2):
194A
.
34.
Taylor, R.M.
,
Cheeseman, P.
,
Muiesan, P.
,
Underhill, J.
,
Rela, M.
,
Heaton, N.
,
Mieli-Vergani, G.
and
Dhawan, A.
(2003)
‘Predictive Models of Early and Late Mortality After Liver Transplantation’
, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition36(4):
548
.
35.
Taylor, R.M.
,
Parke, A.
and
Day, H.
(2004)
‘Immunosuppression for Solid Organ Transplantation in Children’
, Paediatric Nursing16(2):
39-43
.
36.
Walter, M.
,
Bronner, E.
,
Pascher, A.
,
Steinmuller, T.
,
Neuhaus, P.
,
Klapp, B.F.
and
Danzer, G.
(2002)
‘Psychosocial Outcome of Living Donors After Living
Transplantation: a Pilot Study’
, Clinical Transplantation16(5):
339-344
.
37.
Wiesner, R.H.
,
Batts, K.P.
and
Krom, R.A.
(1999)
‘Evolving Concepts in the Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Treatment
of Chronic Hepatic Allograft Rejection’
, Liver Transplantation and Surgery5(5):
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