As energy efficiency concerns grow for building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems, more advanced mathematical models and methods may be needed for implementing more comprehensive building environmental monitoring practices. This work investigates the methodology of applying a coupled proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and linear stochastic estimation (LSE) technique to provide detailed real-time velocity information for a single-room test environment under either mechanical ventilation or wind-driven cross natural ventilation with the support of limited on-site monitoring measurements. In addition, an example application of the proposed POD–LSE methodology with limited measurements to obtain real-time fluctuating wind-driven ventilation rates using a POD–LSE reconstructed velocity profile across a window opening is presented and shows very good agreement with the measured ventilation rates.
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