Meat Preservation in Scotland

Mitchell, Arthur : 1902: List o f Travels and Tours in Scotland.

Sinclair, Sir John : 1791-1799: [Old] Statistical Account for Scotland drawn up from the communications of the ministers of the different parishes, 21 Volumes, hereafter O.S.A.

Verbal information from Ian Hodgson, Department of Home Economics, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee, from a study of mediaeval manuscripts.

Rogers, Charles : 1869: Scotland, Social and Domestic Memorials of Life and Manners in North Britain, 82.

Craig, Sir Thomas : 1909: De Unione Regnorum Britanniae Tractatus.

Firth, C.H. : 1899: Scotland and the Proctectorate 405-408. 7 Fenton, Alexander : 1976: Scottish Country Life, 159-180.

Craigie, W. and Aitken, J. : 1937-: Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: ( 1479) Acta. Conc. 1, 33/2.

Ibid: (1513): Treas. Acct., IV, 492.

Ibid: (1516-1517) 14th Rep. Hist. Mss. App., III, 82.

Ibid: (1516): Fam. Rose, 188.

Brown, P. Hume : 1893: "John of Fordun (1380). Scotland before 1700, 12.

Ibid: "Hector Boece (1527)", 97.

Ibid: "Bishop Leslie (1578)", 167.

Ibid : "George Buchanan (1588 )", 233.

Ibid : "New Trades and Industries ( 1608-1624)", 275-276.

Ibid : 276.

Walker, Bruce : 1976: "Keeping it Cool" (Scottish Ice Houses). The Scots Magazine. New Senes, Vol. 105, No. 6, 563-572.

Craig, Sir Thomas : 1909: op. cit.

Firth, C.H. : 1899: op. cit. 405-408.

Thomson, John : 1794: Parish of Markinch (Fife) O.S.A. XII, 537.

Douglas, Francis : 1782: A General Description of the East Coast of Scotland from Edinburgh to Cullen, 99, refers to Aberdeen meat market.

Thomson, J. : 1800: General View of the Agriculture of the County of Fife , 278.

Friend to Stat. Enquiries : 1795: Parish of Abdie (Fife) O.S.A. XIV, 123.

Lister, James : 1793: Parish of Auchtermuchty (Fife) O.S.A. VI, 341.

Maclean, Allan and Fernie, John : 1794: Parish of Dunfermline (Fife) O.S.A. , XIII, 435.

Muirhead, George 1794: Parish of Dysart (Fife) O.S.A. XII, 515.

Fleming, Thomas : 1796: Parish of Kirkcaldy (Fife) O.S.A. XVIII, 54.

Stuart, Thomas : 1793: Parish of Newburgh (Fife) O.S.A. VIII, 181.

Gleig, George : 1793: Parish of Arbroath (Angus) O.S.A. VII, 351.

Bisset, John : 1799: Parish of Brechin (Angus) O.S.A. XXI, 120 (also refers to butcher market in Montrose).

Lauder, James : 1793: Parish of Dun (Angus) O.S.A. III, 361.

Carlyle, Alexander : 1795: Parish of Inveresk (Mid Lothian) O.S.A. XVI, 23 and 39.

Creech, William : 1793: City of Edinburgh (Mid Lothian). O.S.A. , VI, 604.

Scott, William : 1794: Parish of Dalkeith (Mid Lothian). O.S.A. XII.

Wilson, James : 1795: Patish of Mid Calder (Mid Lothian) O.S.A. XIV, 355.

Bruce, George : 1793: Parish of Dunbar (East Lothian). O.S.A. V, 486.

Cunynghame, Hugh : 1794: Parish of Tranent (East Lothian) O.S.A. X, 87-88.

Goldie, George : 1794: Parish of Athelstaneford (East Lothian) O.S.A. X, 169-170.

Johnston, Andrew : 1791: Parish of Salton (East Lothian) O.S.A. I, 261.

Jardine, Walter : 1791: Parish of Bathgate (West Lothian) O.S.A. I, 355.

Mark, George : 1794: Parish of Cornwath (Lanarkshire) O.S.A. X, 338.

Strachan, William : 1793: Parish of Culter (Lanarkshire). O.S.A. , VI, 83.

Anon : 1793: City of Glasgow (Lanarkshire) O.S.A. V, 515.

Naismith, John : 1791: Parish of Hamilton (Lanarkshire) O.S.A. , II, 181.

Lockhart, William : 1793: Parish of Lanark (Lanarkshire) O.S.A. IV, 29.

Mack, William : 1793: Parish of East Monkland (Lanarkshire). O.S.A. VII, 277.

Ure, David : 1793: Parish of Rutherglen (Lanarkshire) O.S.A. IX, 6.

Burns, Thomas : 1791: Parish of Renfrew (Renfrewshire). O.S.A. II, 175 "no regular market but butcher meat can be had occasionally".

Morris, David B. : 1921: The Incorporation of Fleshers of Stirling. Proc. Stirling Natural History & Archaeological Soc

Symers, Colin : 1792: Parish of Alyth (Perthshire) O.S.A. VI, 399.

Johnston, James : 1795: Parish of Blairgowrie (Perthshire) O.S.A. XVII, 197 and 201.

Anon : 1797: City of Dunkeld and Parish of Dowally (Perthshire) O.S.A. XX, 432.

Macgibbon, Alexander : 1797: Parish of Kilmadock or Doune (Perthshire) O.S.A. XX, 80.

Stirling, Robert : 1793: Parish of Crieff (Perthshire) O.S.A. IX, 595.

DowE, John : 1794: Parish of Methven (Perthshire). O.S.A. X, 617.

N.B. This is not a complete list but serves to show that weekly markets of butcher meat had been set up in the Lowland counties where the principal arable farms were situated and where less meat was supposed to be eaten.

Stirling, Robert : 1793: op. cit. 595.

Meek, James : 1793: Parish of Cambuslang (Lanarkshire) . O.S.A. V, 253.

Stirling, Robert : 1793: op. cit. 595.

Morgan, John : 1793: Parish of Graitney (Dumfries-shire) O.S.A. IX, 525.

Morrison, John : 1791: Parish of Delting (Shetland) . O.S.A. I, 386.

Mcleod : 1794: Parish of Harris (Inverness-shire). O.S.A. X, 358.

Dowe, John : 1794: op. cit. 617.

Smith, John : 1794: Parish of Campbelton (Argyll) . O.S.A. X, 559.

Creech, William : 1793: op. cit. 604.

Sinclair, Sir John : 1791-1799: op. cit.

Lendels, Adam : 1792: Parish of Hutton (Berwickshire) . O.S.A. IV, 199-200.

S.R.O. — GD51/5/274/2: Melville Papers — Case of the Bacon Dealers in the County of Dumfries.

S.R.O. — GD51/5/201: Melville Papers.

GD51/5/255: Melville Papers.

GD51/5/274/1: Melville Papers.

GD51/5/274/2: Melville Papers.

Davidson, Issac : 1791: Parish of Sorbie (Wigtonshire) O.S.A. I, 248.

Burnside, William : 1793: Parish of Dumfries (Dumfries-shire) O.S.A. V, 133.

Mcdougal, Dougal : 1792: Parish of Lochgoilhead and Kil

moirich (Argyll) O.S.A. III, 179-180. 38 Gamgee, J. : 1857: Diseased Meat Sold in Edinburgh. 22 (Originally published as correspondence in the Scotsman 28 February 1857 and the Glasgow Herald 27 March 1857).

Perren, Richard : 1978: The Meat Trade in Britain 1840-1914. 59. 60.

Ibid 60.

Littlejohn, Henry D. : 1865: Report on the Sanitary Condition of the City of Edinburgh. 57.

Fenton, Alexander : 1973: The Place of Pork in the Rural Diet of Scotland. Festschrift für Robert Wildhaber (eds. W. Escher , T. Cantner , H. Trümpy ). Basel, 98-110.

Fenton, Alexander : 1975: Traditional Elements in the Diet of the Northern Isles of Scotland. Ethnologische Nahrungsforschung: Ethnological Food Research (Kansatieteellinen Arkisto 26) Helsinki 64-78.

Fenton, Alexander : 1976: op. cit 170-176.

Fenton, Alexander : 1978: The Northern Isles: Orkney and

Shetland. 428-443, 446-490, 496-505.

Perren, Richard : 1978: op cit

Ibid 17.

Ibid. 18.

Anonymous : 1837-1838: on the Preparation of livestock and Meat in Reference to their Exportation by Steam Vessels. Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, viii, 248.

Perren, Richard : 1978: op. cit. 23. Smith, J.H. : 1955: The Cattle Trade in Aberdeenshire in the Nineteenth Century: Agricultural History Review III, 114-118. Channon, G. : 1969: The Aberdeenshire Beef Trade with London: A study in Seamanship and Railway Competition 1850-1869 Transport History II.

Orwin, C.S. and Whetham, E.H. : 1964: History of British Agriculture 1846-1914, 98-99.

Perren : 1978: op. cit 25.

Bremmer, David : 1869: The Industries of Scotland, Their Rise, Progress and Present Condition, 477-478.

Verbal information from Professor J. B. Caird, Dept. of Geography, University of Dundee.

Edmonston, B. and Saxby, Jessie M.E. : 1888: The Home ofa Naturalist, 124 (Shetland).

Smith : 1798: General View af the Agriculture of the County of Argyll, 57 and 79.

Perren, Richard : 1978: op. cit 123-124.

Information from David Y. Walker, Arbroath, Master Butcher and Slaughterman.

Douglas, L.M. : 1893: Manual of the Pork Trade: A Practical Guide for Bacon Curers, Pork Butchers, Sausage and Pie Makers , xiii-xvi.

Monteith, R. : 1845: The Description of the Isles of Orkney and Zetland ... 1633, 46.

Grant, W. and Murison, D. : 1931-1977: Scottish National Dictionary. SKEO n.v. Also Skeoe — ou, Skio (w), skjo, skyo, skew, skeu [Skjo].

Martin, M. : 1716: A Description of the Western Isles of Scotland , 69.

Nra Scot. 885/244: Strathmore Papers.

Mitchell Library, Glasgow : Bogle Papers: Lady Castlehill's Receipt Book, 1712.

Whyte, Hamish : 1976: Lady Castlehill's Receipt Book (1712), 3. 59 Ibid viii.

Scott-Moncrieff, Robert (ed.): 1911: The Household Book of Lady Grisell Baillie 1692-1733 , 97.

Ibid 114.

NRA Scot 885/244: Strathmore Papers.

Mitchell Library, Glasgow : 1712: op. cit

Whyte, Hamish : 1976: op. cit 74.

Colville, James (ed.): 1907: Ochtertyre House Booke of Accomps. 1737-1739, xxvii.

Ibid xxvi and 201.

Ibid xxvii and 165.

Jardine, Walter : 1791: op. cit 355.

Carlyle, Alexander : 1795: op. cit 23 and 39.

Fraser, Alexander : 1793: Parish of Kilmalie (Inverness-shire and Argyll) O.S.A. VIII.

Smith, J. : 1798: op. cit. 57 and 79.

Maconochie, James : 1792: "Parish of Crawford". (Lanarkshire) O.S.A. IV, 514.

Duncan, Alexander : 1795: "Parish of Wigton" (Wigtonshire) . O.S.A. XIV, 482.

Johnstone, John : "Parish of Crossmichael" (Kirkcudbightshire) O.S.A. I, 181.

Smaill, James : 1792: Parish of Dornock (Dumfries-shire) . O.S.A. II, 19.

Jaffray, Andrew : 1793: "Parish of Lochmaben" (Dumfries-shire) O.S.A. VII, 243.

Blain, Henry : 1792: "Parish of Stoneykirk" (Wigtonshire) O.S.A. II, 52.

Douglas, Loudon M. : 1893: op. cit. 91-92.

Lendels, Adam : 1792: op. cit. 199-200.

Maciver, Mrs : 1784: Cookery and Pastry (4th edition). Frazer, Mrs : 1806: The Practice of Cookery, Pastry and Confectionery (5th edition).

Galt, J. : 1821: Annals of the Parish, or Chronicles of Dalmailing (Dalmellington) .

Macculloch : 1824: Highlands and Western Isles, II, 332-355. 82 Mackenzie, Henry : n.d.: Manners and Customs of Edinburgh , 57-60.

Frazer, Mrs : 1806: op. cit

Maciver, Mrs : 1784: op. cit

Beeton, Isabella : 1861: The Book of Household Management 372 and 379.

Bishop, Frederick : n.d.: The Wife's Own Book of Cookery 214-215.

Fenton, Alexander : 1973: op. cit

N.M.A.S. Country Life Archive : SHETLAND: Mrs Abernethy, Gerratown, Haraldswick.

Ibid : CAITHNESS: Mrs M. Calder , Dunnet, Thurso.

Ibid : Mr and Mrs Manson , Wick.

Ibid : MS 1970/13: Mrs Hutcheson , Nairn.

Ibid : MS 1970/4a.b.: Miss Janet Dow, Pitlochry.

Ibid : MS 1970/8: W. Duncan , Castle Douglas.

Walker, Bruce : 1978: Preliminary Report on the Cottage at Orchilmore, Moulin, Perthshire, Vernacular Building 4, 41-45.

Walker, Bruce : 1978: Report on 2 New Street, Shandwick, Ross-shire. Vernacular Building 4, 9-18.

Walker, Bruce : 1979: Report on Cruck-framed Cottage, Drumdewan, Dull, Perthshire . Vernacular Building 5, 12-22.

R.C.A.H.M.S. : 1973: Drg. Nos PTD/154/1 and 2 Camserney Cottage.

Walker, Bruce : 1978: Report on a Canvas and Plaster Canopy Chimney in a Cottage near Balchladdich, Stoer, Sutherland. Vernacular Building 4, 46-47.

Playfair, James : 1796: Parish of Bendochy (Perthshire) . O.S.A. XIX, 334.

N.R.A. Scot. 885/244: Strathmore Papers — Lady Strathmore's Recipes 1692-1746. Item 114.

Grant & Murison : 1931- 1978: op. cit REEK n.v. also rei(c)k, riek.

Frazer, Mrs : 1806: op. cit 76.

Mactaggart, J. : 1824: The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopaedia, 90.

Cowie, R. : 1871: Shetland Descriptive and Historical, 95.

Douglas, Loudon M. : 1893: op. cit 14-15.

Beeton, Isabella : 1861: op. cit 385.

Fenton, Alexander : 1978: op. cit 435.

Hibbert, S. : 1822: A Description of the Shetland Isles, 417 and 563.

Monteith, R. : 1845: op. cit 75.

Brand, J. : 1883: A Brief Description of Orkney, Zetland Pightland-firth, and Caithness, 121.

Campbell, J. : 1750: An exact and authentic account of the greatest white-herring fishery in Scotland, carried on yearly in Zetland by the Dutch only, 17.

Grant & Murison : 1931- 1978: op. cit Vivda n also Vifda. Sh. 1821 Scott. Pirate iii. " Vifda (dried beef) hams and pickled pork, flow after each other into empty space".

Spence, J. : 1899: Shetland Folklore, 189.

Shirreff, J. : 1814: General View of the Agriculture of the Orkney and Shetland Isles, 61.

Mackay, John George : 1962: The Story of Island Roan , 10.

S.R.O. : GD 45/26/161/b Panmure Papers. S.R.O. : GD 45/26/161/c Panmure Papers.

Mitchell Library, Glasgow : 1712: op. cit 126-127.

Plumptree, J. (assisted by T. Lamtaffe ): 1816: The Experienced Butcher shewing the Respectibility and Usefulness of his Calling ..." 170.

N.R.A. Scot. 885/245: Strathmore Papers: Lady Strathmore's Recipe Book 1666.

Mitchell Library, Glasgow : 1712: op cit 11-12, 123. Whyte , Hamish : 1976: op. cit 5.

S.R.O. : GD 68/2/158: Lintrose House, Angus.

University of Dundee MS 15/8 : " Housebook of Lady Margaret Graham of Fintry".

S.R.O. : GD 45/26/161/a: Panmure Papers.

N.M.A.S. Country Life Archive : SHETLAND: Lt. Col. L. D. Edmondston, Burness: 1898-1900.

Mitchell Library, Glasgow : 1712: 88.

Ibid 122.

Douglas , Loudon M. : 1893: op. cit 98.

McNeill, F. Marian : 1930: The Scots Kitchen, 145.

(Jameson) : 1943: Jameson's Manufacturers Recipes.

Information from David Y. Walker, Arbroath.

N.M.A.S. Country Life Archive : AYRSHIRE: Mrs I. C. G. Stewart, East Kilbride.

Ibid : MS 1970/14: Adam Gordon, Castle Douglas.

Ibid : MS 1970/6: AYRSHIRE: Mrs Joy Tucker , Cumnock.

Ibid : MS 1970/14: op. cit

Ibid : SELKIRKSHIRE: R. A. Johnstone, Dalbeattie.

Mitchell Library, Glasgow : Bogle Papers: Thomas Brown Commonplace Book 1804.

N.M.A.S. Country Life Archive : SHETLAND: Lt. Col. L. D. Edmondston Burness: 1898-1900.

Ibid. : PERTHSHIRE: Jean Comrie, Fowlis Wester from Mss Account Book from Drummawhance, Muthill, Perthshire.

Ibid : CAITHNESS: M. Simpson , Thurso.

Ibid : GLASGOW: Mary McNicol , Glasgow.

Ibid : SELKIRKSHIRE: R. A. Johnstone, Dalbeattie, from Gilmanscleuch, Ettrick.

Ibid : ROXBURGHSHIRE: T. Arres , Upper Nesbit, Jedburgh.

Martin, M. : 1716: op. cit 94.

Ibid 94.

Martin, M. : 1753: A Voyage to St. Kilda, 25, 57-59.

Buchan, Alexander : 1752: A Description of St. Kilda , 8.

Macaulay, K. : 1764: A History of St. Kilda .

Beeton, Isabella : 1861: op. cit 379.

Plumptree, J. : 1816: op. cit 168.

Ibid: 169-170.

Ibid: 169.

Whyte, Hamish : 1976: op. cit 69.

Mcneill, Marion : 1930: op. cit 137-138.

Dods, Margaret (MEG): 1825: The Cook and Housewife's Manual.

S.R.O. : GD 45/18/898: Panmure Papers.

Ibid. : GD 45/18/931: Panmure Papers.

Ibid. : GD 45/18/1677/2: Panmure Papers.