The authors' aim is to promote compliance with international legal standards by articulating intersections between young people's human rights and restorative justice principles — for legal theorists through transdisciplinary thinking and for practitioners by introducing the Rights Based Restorative Practice Evaluation ToolKit developed through this conceptual framework (Moore, 2008). This comprehensive approach was developed within the Canadian legal, social policy and youth justice contexts. Notwithstanding potential bias stemming from cultural or political milieu, the authors argue that rights-based restorative justice could contribute to the advancement of ethical practice in many UN-member states attempting to adopt these common frameworks.
Abramson, B. (2006) `Juvenile Justice: The "Unwanted Child" - Why the Potential of the Convention on the Rights of the Child is Not Being Realized, and What We Can Do About It', in E. Jensen and J. Jepsen (eds) Juvenile Law Violators, Human Rights, and the Development of New Juvenile Justice Systems, pp. 15-38. Oxford: Hart.
2.
Beck, U. and Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2002) Individualization - Institutionalized Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences. London: SAGE.
3.
Blackstock, C. (2005) Testimony to the Senate of Canada Standing Committee on Human Rights Hearings (issues 4), URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/Committee_SenProceed.asp?Language=E&Parl=38&Ses=1&comm_id=77
4.
Braithwaite, J. (2002) `Setting Standards for Restorative Justice', British Journal of Criminology42: 563-77.
5.
Burman, E. (2001) `Beyond the Baby and the Bathwater: Postdualistic Development Psychologies for Diverse Childhoods?', European Early Childhood Education Research Journal9(1): 5-22.
6.
Burr, R. and Montgomery, H. (2003) `Children and Rights', in M. Woodhead and H. Montgomery (eds) Understanding Childhood: An Interdisciplinary Approach, pp. 135-78. Chichester: Wiley.
7.
Chandler, S. (2006) What If I Get Into Trouble? Youth Justice and Human Rights - The Youth Criminal Justice Act from a Rights-Based Perspective. Canada: Lillooet Learns/ Lillooet Restorative Justice Program.
8.
Cormier, R. (2002) Restorative Justice: Directions and Principles - Developments in Canada. Ottawa: Public Works and Government Services Canada.
9.
Dahlberg, G., Moss, P. and Pence, A. (1999) Beyond Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care - Postmodern Perspectives. London: Routledge/Falmer .
10.
David, P. (2002) `Implementing the Rights of the Child: Six Reasons Why the Human Rights of Children Remain a Constant Challenge', International Review of Education48(3-4): 259-63.
11.
Delens-Ravier, I. (2007) `Restorative Justice in Belgium: From Dream to Reality', in A. Ang, I. Delens-Ravier, M. Delplace , C. Herman, D. Reynaert, V. Staelens, R. Steel and M. Verheyde (eds.) The UN Children's Rights Convention: Theory Meets Practice. Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Conference on Children's Rights, Ghent, Belgium, pp. 50-78. Mortsel, Belgium: Intersentia.
12.
Denov, M. (2007) `Youth Justice and Children's Rights', in R.B. Howe and K. Covell (eds) A Question of Commitment: Children's Rights in Canada, pp.153-78. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University.
13.
Douzinas, C. (2000) The End of Human Rights. Oxford : Hart.
14.
Findlaw (2005) Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005). URL (last accessed September 2008): http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=US&vol=543&invol=551
15.
Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison . London: Penguin.
16.
Freeman, M. (2007) `Why It Remains Important to Take Children's Rights Seriously', The International Journal of Children's Rights15(1): 5-23.
17.
Giroux, H. (2003) The Abandoned Generation - Democracy Beyond the Culture of Fear. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
18.
Giroux, H. and Searls Giroux, S. (2004) Take Back Higher Education - Race, Youth and the Crisis of Democracy in the Post-Civil Rights Era. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
19.
International Association of Youth and Family Judges and Magistrates (2006) Belfast Declaration, XVII World congress in Belfast, Northern Ireland, from 27 August - 1 September 2006, pp. 1-5. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/D%C3%A9clarationBelfast%20_En.pdf
20.
Ipsos-Reid (2004) `Making the Grade on International Children's Day 2004'. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.ipsos-na.com/news/pressrelease.cfm?id=2459
21.
Jans, M. (2004) `Children as Citizens - Towards a Contemporary Notion of Child Participation', Childhood11(1): 27-44.
22.
Kienge-Kienge Intudi, R. (2007) `The Application of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child in Africa: When the Law is Tested by the Reality' , in A. Ang, I. Delens-Ravier, M. Delplace, C. Herman, D. Reynaert, V. Staelens, R. Steel and M. Verheyde (eds) The UN Children's Rights Convention: Theory meets Practice. Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Conference on Children's Rights, Ghent, Belgium, pp. 23-31. Mortsel , Belgium: Intersentia.
23.
Kincheloe, J. (2008) `The Past, Present, and Future of Critical Pedagogy: With Joe Kincheloe', in C.S. Malott (ed.) A Call to Action - An Introduction to Education, Philosophy, and Native North America. Counterpoints - Studies in the Postmodern Theory of Education (General Editors: Joe L. Kincheloe and Shirley R. Steinberg), Vol. 324, pp. 153-62. New York: Peter Lang.
24.
King, M. (1994) `Children's Rights as Communication: Reflections on Autopoietic Theory and the United Nations Convention', The Modern Law Review57(3): 385-401.
25.
King, M. (1997) A Better World for Children? - Explorations in Morality and Authority. London: Routledge.
26.
King, M. and Thornhill, C. (2003) Niklas Luhmann's Theory of Politics and Law. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
27.
Koizumi, H. (2001) `Trans-disciplinarity', Neuroendocrinology Letters22: 219-21.
28.
Law Center - Cable News Network (2005) High Court: Juvenile Death Penalty Unconstitutional - Slim Majority Cites `Evolving Standards' in American Society. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/03/01/scotus.death.penalty/
29.
Lindgren Alves, J.A. (2000) `The Declaration of Human Rights in Postmodernity' , Human Rights Quarterly22: 478-500.
30.
Luhmann, N. (1997) `Globalization or World Society: How to Conceive Modern Society?', International Review of Sociology7(1): 67-79.
31.
McCarthy, C. and Dimitriades, G. (2000) `Globalizing Pedagogies: Power, Resentment and the Re-Narration of Difference', in Burbules, N.C. and Alberto Torres, C. (eds) Globalization and Education - Critical Perspectives, pp. 187-204. New York: Routledge.
32.
McLaren, P. and Farahmandpur, R. (2001a) `Educational Policy and the Socialist Imagination: Revolutionary Citizenship as a Pedagogy of Resistance' , Educational Policy13(3): 343-78.
33.
McLaren, P. and Farahmandpur, R. (2001b) `Teaching against Globalization and the New Imperialism: Toward a Revolutionary Pedagogy', Journal of Teacher Education52(2): 136-50.
34.
Mirchandani, R. (2005) `Postmodernism and Sociology: From the Epistemological to the Empirical', Sociological Theory23(1): 86-115.
35.
Mitchell, R.C. (1996) `The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Canadian Implementation Efforts for Indigenous Children and Youth', Child and Family Social Work1(4): 243-54.
36.
Mitchell, R.C. (2000) `Implementing Children's Rights in British Columbia Using the Population Health Framework', The International Journal of Children's Rights8(4): 333-49.
37.
Mitchell, R.C. (2003) `Ideological Reflections on the DSM IV-R (or Pay No Attention to that Man behind the Curtain, Dorothy!)', Child and Youth Care Forum32(5): 281-98.
38.
Mitchell, R.C. (2005) `Postmodern reflections on the UNCRC: Towards utilising Article 42 as an international compliance indicator', The International Journal of Children's Rights13(3): 315-31.
39.
Mitchell, R.C. (2007) `Towards a Transdisciplinary Model within Child and Youth Rights Education' in A. Ang , I. Delens-Ravier, M. Delplace, C. Herman, D. Reynaert, V. Staelens , R. Steel and M. Verheyde (eds.) The UN Children's Rights Convention: theory meets practice. Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Conference on Children's Rights - Ghent, Belgium, pp. 181-200. Mortsel, Belgium: Intersentia.
40.
Moore, S.A. (2004) `Towards An Integrated Perspective: Restorative Justice, Cross-Cultural Counselling and School-Based Programming' in M.H. France, M.C. Roderiguez and G.G. Hett (eds) Diversity, Culture and Counselling: A Canadian Perspective, pp. 347-55. Calgary, AB: Detselig.
41.
Moore, S.A. (2007a) `Restorative Justice', in R.B. Howe and K. Covell (eds) A Question of Commitment: Children's Rights in Canada, pp. 179-208. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University.
42.
Moore, S.A. (2007b) `Making it Right: An Investigation of Rights Based Restorative Justice with Young Canadians' (Internally funded research study approved by Brock University Research Ethics Board approval #06-318-MOORE).
43.
Moore, S.A. (2008) `Rights Based Restorative Practice Evaluation ToolKit' . Minneapolis: Center for Human Rights, University of Minnesota. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.1.umn.edu/humanrts/links/RBRJ%20toolkit.pdf . See also International Juvenile Justice Observatory in Brussels. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.oijj.org/documental_ficha.php?rel=SI&cod=2077&pag=030200&pags=0&idioma=es
44.
Moore, S.A. (in press) `Social Justice and Education in a World Fit for Children?' in J.A. Kentel and A. Short (eds) Totems and Taboos Risk and Relevance in Research on Teachers and Teaching. Taipei and Rotterdam: Sense Publishers .
45.
Moore, S.A. and Mitchell, R.C. (2007a) `Rights Based Restorative Justice: Towards Critical Praxis with Young People in Conflict with the Law', in A. Ang, A. Delens-Ravier, M. Delplace, C. Herman, D. Reynaert, V. Staelens , R. Steel and M. Verheyde (eds) The UN Children's Rights Convention: Theory Meets Practice. Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Conference on Children's Rights, Ghent, Belgium, pp. 549-64. Mortsel, Belgium: Intersentia.
46.
Moore, S.A. and Mitchell, R.C. (2007b) `Herstelrecht volgens demensenrechtenprincipes' (or `Rightsbased Restorative Justice'), Het Tijdschrift voor Jeugdrecht en Kinderrechten (or TJK - Flemish Journal for Youth and Children's Law)5(4): 251-9.
47.
Moore, S.A., Tulk, W. and Mitchell, R.C. (2005) `Qallunaat Crossing: The Southern-Northern Divide and Promising Practices for Canada's Inuit Young People', First Peoples Child and Family Review2(1): 117-29.
48.
Moss, P. and Petrie, P. (2002) From Children's Services to Children's Spaces - Public Policy, Children and Childhood. London: Routledge/Falmer .
49.
Muncie, J. (2005) `The Globalization of Crime Control - The Case of Youth and Juvenile Justice: Neo-liberalism, Policy Convergence and International Conventions', Theoretical Criminology9(1): 35-64.
50.
Muncie, J. (2007) `Book Review: Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Systems in the Non-Western World', Youth Justice7(3): 249-50.
51.
Muncie, J. (2008) `The "Punitive Turn" in Juvenile Justice: Cultures of Control and Rights Compliance in Western Europe and the USA', Youth Justice8(2): 107-21.
52.
Nicolescu, B. (1999) `The Transdisciplinary Evolution of Learning'. Paper presented to the Symposium on Overcoming the Underdevelopment of Learning held at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada, 19-23 April 1999.
53.
Nicolescu, B. (2002) Manifesto of Transdisciplinarity. New York: State University of New York Press.
54.
Pennell, P. and Burford, G. (2004) `Feminist Praxis: Making Family Group Conferencing Work', in H. Strang and J. Braithwaite (eds) Restorative Justice and Family Violence, pp. 108-27. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
55.
Price Cohen, C. and Kilbourne, S. (1998) `Jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: A Guide for Research and Analysis', Michigan Journal of International Law19(3): 633-728.
56.
Russell, W. (2000) `Forging New Paths: Transdisciplinarity in Universities' . Wisenet - Australia's Women in Science Inquiry Network53. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.wisenet-australia.org/issue53/contnt53.htm
57.
Schafer, W. (2005) `The Uneven Globality of Children', Journal of Social History38(4): 1027-39.
58.
Scraton, P. (ed.) (1997) `Childhood' in `Crisis'?London: Routledge.
59.
Senate of Canada Standing Committee on Human Rights (2007) Children: The Silenced Citizens - Final Report on Effective Implementation of Canada's International Obligations with Respect to the Rights of Children. URL (last accessed September 2008 ): http://www.parl.gc.ca/39/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/huma-e/rep-e/rep10apr07-e.htm
60.
Shephard, M. (2008) Guantanamo's Child: The Untold Story of Omar Khadr . Mississauga: John Wiley and Sons , Canada.
61.
Somerville, M.A. and Rapport, D.J. (2000) Transdisciplinarity: ReCreating Integrated Knowledge . Oxford: EOLSS.
62.
United Nations (1985) United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules). New York: United Nations.
63.
United Nations (1989) Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York: United Nations.
64.
United Nations (1990) United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines). New York: United Nations .
65.
United Nations (2006) Millennium Development Goals Report. New York: United Nations. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2006/MDGReport2006.pdf
66.
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (1995) Concluding Observations/Comments: Canada. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.unhchr.ca
67.
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (2003) Concluding Observations/Comments: Canada. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.unhchr.ca
68.
United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (2007) Convention on the Rights of the Child General Comment No. 10 (2007): Children's Rights in Juvenile Justice . Geneva: UNOHCHR.
69.
United Nations Economic and Social Council ( 1997) UN Resolution 1197/30 - Administration of Juvenile Justice (Vienna Guidelines). New York and Geneva: ECOSOC.
70.
United Nations Economic and Social Council ( 2002) UN Basic Principles on the Use of Restorative Justice Programmes in Criminal Matters. New York and Geneva: ECOSOC. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://www.unodc.org/pdf/crine/terrorism/2002/19eb.pdf
71.
United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime ( 2006) Handbook on Restorative Justice Programmes: Criminal Justice Handbook Series. Vienna: United Nations.
72.
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (1998) United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education 1995-2004. New York and Geneva: United Nations.
73.
Van Ness, D. (2005) `An Overview of Restorative Justice Around the World'. Paper presented at the United Nations 11th Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Bangkok , Thailand, July. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:HHisu8JbPgsJ:www.pficjr.org/programs/un/11thcongress/danspaper/download+restorative+justice+global+around+the+world&hl=en
74.
Weber, M. (2002) `Engaging Globalization: Critical Theory and Global Political Change - Alternatives: Global, Local, Political', in Alternatives: Global, Local,Political. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner. URL (last accessed September 2008): http://fidarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go2624/is_200207/ai_n7087312
75.
White, B. (2003) `A World Fit for Children? Children and Youth in Development Studies and Policy'. Paper presented on the occasion of the 51st anniversary of the Institute of Social Studies 9 October 2003. The Hague/ISS.
76.
Zehr, H. (1995) Changing Lenses: A Focus on Crime and Justice. Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press.
