This hermeneutic phenomenological study of 45 adults with serious and persistent
mental illness (SPMI) examines the experience of recovery over 3 years. After a
brief review of the results from the first two phases, this article reports the
findings from the third phase of the recovery process. Five essential themes are
identified: (1) reintegration in the community; (2) reintegration with family and
friends; (3) reintegration with the case manager; (4) reintegration with oneself;
(5) barriers to social inclusion. Findings highlight the unmet needs for consumers
in their relationships with case managers and barriers to inclusion at the macro
level. Implications for practice include the delineation of client and case manager
tasks specific to each essential theme.
Appel, K. E.
and
Bartemeier, L. H.
(1961) Action for Mental Health: Final Report of the Joint
Commission on Mental Illness and Health.
New York: Basic Books
.
2.
Armour, M. P.
(2002)
‘Journal of Family Members of Homicide Victims: A Qualitative
Study of Their Post Homicide Experience’
, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry72(3):
372–383
.
3.
Bradshaw, W.
and
Brekke, J. S.
(1999)
‘Subjective Experience in Schizophrenia: Factors Influencing
Self-Esteem, Satisfaction with Life, and Subjective Distress’
, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry69(2):
254–260
.
4.
Bradshaw, W.
,
Roseborough, D.
and
Armour, M.
(2006)
‘Lived Experience of Recovery: The Initial Phase of Treatment’
, International Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal10(1):
123–131
.
5.
Breier, P. L.
,
Schreiber, J. L.
,
Dyer, J.
and
Pickar, D.
(1991)
‘National Institute of Mental Health Longitudinal Study of
Chronic Schizophrenia’
, Archives of General Psychiatry48(7):
239–246
.
6.
Brockington, I. F.
,
Hall, P.
and
Levings, J.
(1993)
‘The Community's Tolerance of the Mentally Ill’
, British Journal of Psychiatry16(2):
93–99
.
7.
Cohen, C. I.
and
Sokolvisky, J.
(1977)
‘Schizophrenia and Social Networks: Ex–Patients in the
Inner City’
, Schizophrenia Bulletin4:
546–560
.
8.
Corrigan, P.W.
(2002)
‘Empowerment and Serious Mental Illness: Treatment Partnerships
and Community Opportunities’
, Psychiatric Quarterly20(3):
217–228
.
9.
Corrigan, P. W.
(1998)
‘The Impact of Stigma on Severe Mental Illness’
, Cognitive and Behavioral Practice5(2):
201–222
.
10.
Corrigan, P.W.
,
River, L. P.
and
Lundin, R. K.
(2001)
‘The Three Strategies for Changing Attributions about Severe
Mental Illness’
, Schizophrenia Bulletin27(2):
187–196
.
11.
Davidson, L.
and
Stayner, D.
(1997)
‘Loss, Loneliness, and the Desire for Love: Perspectives on the
Social Lives of People with Schizophrenia’
, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal20(3):
3–12
.
12.
Davidson, L.
,
Stayner, D. A.
and
Haglund, K. E.
(1998) ‘Phenomenological Perspectives on the
Social Functioning of People with Schizophrenia’, in
K. T Mueser
and
N. Tarrier
(eds) Handbook of Social Functioning in Schizophrenia, pp.
97–120.
Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon
.
13.
Davidson, L.
,
Haglund, K.
,
Stayner, D.
,
Rakfeldt, J.
,
Chinman, M.
and
Tebes, J.
(2001a)
‘“It was just realizing... that life isn't one big
horror”: A Qualitative Study of Supported Socialization’
, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal24(3):
275–292
.
14.
Davidson, L.
,
Stayner, D.
,
Nickou, T.
,
Styron, M.
and
Chinman, M.
, (2001b)
‘“Simply to Be Let In”: Inclusion As a Basis
for Recovery’
, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal24(4):
375–388
.
15.
Giorgi, A.
(1985) ‘Sketch of a Psychological
Phenomenological Method’, in
A. Giorgi
(ed.) Phenomenology and Psychological Research, pp.
8–22.
Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press
.
16.
Giorgi, A.
(1988) ‘Validity and Reliability from a
Phenomenological Perspective’, in
W. J. Baker
,
D. V. Rappard
and
H. J. Stam
(eds) Recent Trends in Theoretical Psychology, pp.
167–176.
New York: Springer–Verlag
.
17.
Giorgi, A.
(1997)
‘The Theory, Practice, and Evaluation of the Phenomenological
Method as a Qualitative Research Procedure’
, Journal of Phenomenological Psychology28(2):
235–426
.
18.
Holmes, E. P.
,
Corrigan, P.W.
and
Williams, P.
,
Canar, J.
and
Kubiak, M.
(1999)
‘Changing Public Attitudes about Schizophrenia’
, Schizophrenia Bulletin25(3):
447–456
.
19.
Lally, S. J.
(1989)
‘Does Being in Here Mean Something is Wrong With Me?’
, Schizophrenia Bulletin15:
253–265
.
20.
Link, B. G.
(1987)
‘Understanding Labeling Effects in the Area of Mental Disorders:
An Assessment of the Effects of Expectations of Rejection’
, American Sociological Review52(1):
96–112
.
21.
Marsh, D.
and
Johnson, D.
(1997)
‘The Family Experience of Mental Illness: Implications for Intervention’
, Professional Psychology28(3):
229–237
.
22.
O'Day, B.
and
Killen, M.
(2002)
‘Does U.S Federal Policy Support Employment and Recovery for
People with Psychiatric Disabilities?’
, Behavioral Sciences and the Law20:
559–583
, http://www.interscience.wiley.com (consulted Jan. 2006).
23.
Patten, M. Q.
(1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods,
2nd edn.Newbury Park, CA: Sage
.
Spaniol
,
LeRoy
,
Wewiorski
,
Nancy J.
,
Gagne
,
Cheryl
and
Anthony
,
William A.
(2002)
‘The Process of Recovery from Schizophrenia’
, International Review of Psychiatry14(4):
327–336
.
26.
Taylor, S. M.
and
Dear, M. J.
(1980)
‘Scaling Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill’
, Schizophrenic Bulletin7(2):
225–240
.
27.
Torrey, E. F.
(1988) Nowhere To Go: The Tragic Odyssey of the Homeless
Mentally Ill.
New York: Harper & Row
.
28.
Van Manen, M.
(1990) Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an
Action Sensitive Pedagogy.
London, ON: State University of New York Press
.
29.
Wallace, C. J.
(1984)
‘Community and Interpersonal Functioning in the Course of
Schizophrenic Disorders’
, Schizophrenia Bulletin10(2):
233–257
.
