A review on advances in green corrosion inhibition: Harnessing biomass waste and nanotechnology

This review focuses on the advancements in eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors derived from biomass-mediated nanoparticles, specifically aimed at mitigating mild steel corrosion in acidic environments. It provides insight into where bio-wastes come from, how they are collected, their environmental benefits, how they compare to semi-synthetic inhibitors, and how well they work in corrosive conditions. Along with inhibitory methods like adsorption and the creation of protective layers, the use of nanotechnology to make inhibitors work better is also being looked into. Evaluation techniques such as spectroscopic analyses (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy), surface analysis (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), electrochemical methods (e.g., Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarisation), gravimetric measurements and adsorption isotherms are summarised to show how they work to test inhibitor performance. For mechanistic insights, computational techniques like density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations have been added. The review also discusses microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and suggests novel remedies, including biosurfactants and bio-nanohybrids. Its unique synthesis of biomass wastes as scalable, environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional inhibitors makes a significant contribution by connecting lab results with real-world issues such as thermal stability and MIC and promoting hybrid nanomaterials for improved, long-lasting corrosion protection.