The problem and the solution. This article situates sexual minority issues within organizations by examining what it means to engage diversity through the perspectives of hostility, compliance, inquiry, inclusion, and advocacy. These perspectives are discussed in terms of human resource development (HRD) missions of individual development, career development, and organizational development. Implications for HRD professionals engaging sexual minority issues within organizations are also discussed.
Allport, G.W. (1958). The nature of prejudice. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
2.
American Family Association. (2005). AFA, 20 other pro-family organizations call for one-year boycott of Ford Motor Company. Retrieved May 20, 2007, from http://www.boycottford.com/
3.
Arriola, E. (2000). Gendered inequality. In R. Delgado & J. Stefanic (Eds.), Critical race theory: The cutting edge (2nd ed., pp. 322-324). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
4.
Blumenfeld, W. J. (Ed.). (1992). Homophobia: How we all pay the price. Boston: Beacon Press.
5.
Bunch, K.J. (2007). Training failure as a consequence of organizational culture. Human Resource Development Review, 6, 142-163.
6.
Chapman, Diane D. & Gedro, Julie (2009). Queering the HRD Curriculum: Preparing Students for Success in the Diverse Workforce. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11, 95-108.
7.
Cheng, C. (1997). A review essay on the books of bell hooks: Organizational diversity lessons from a thoughtful race and gender heretic. Academy of Management Review, 22, 553-564.
8.
Clair, J.A., Beatty, J.E., & MacLean, T.L. (2005). Out of sight but not out of mind: Managing invisible social identities in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 30, 78-95.
9.
Clardy, A. (2003). The legal framework of human resource development: Overview, mandates, structures, and financial implications. Human Resource Development Review, 2, 26-53.
10.
Cox, T. (1994). Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research and practice. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler .
11.
Cross, E.Y. (2000). Managing diversity: The courage to lead. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
12.
Davis, Debra (2009). Transgender Issues in the Workplace: HRD's Newest Challenge/ Opportunity. Advances in Developing Human Resources , 11, 109-120.
13.
Day, N.E., & Schoenrade, P. (2000). The relationship among reported disclosure of sexual orientation, anti-discrimination policies, top management support and work attitudes of gay and lesbian employees. Personnel Review, 29, 346-363.
14.
Edwards, Kathleen & Brooks, Ann K. (2009). Allies in the Workplace: Including LGBT in HRD. Advances in Developing Human Resources , 11, 136-149.
15.
Ely, R.J., & Thomas, D.A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 229-273.
16.
Equality Project. (2005). The equality principles. Retrieved October 7, 2008, from http://www.equalityproject.org/principles/en.html
17.
Fenwick, T. (2004). Toward a critical HRD in theory and practice. Adult Education Quarterly, 54, 193-209.
18.
Fenwick, T. (2005). Conceptions of critical HRD: Dilemmas for theory and practice. Human Resource Development International, 8, 225-238.
19.
Freeman, A.D. (1995). Legitimizing racial discrimination through antidiscrimination law: A critical review of Supreme Court doctrine. In K. Crenshaw, N. Gotanda, G. Peller, & K. Thomas (Eds.), Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement (pp. 29-46). New York: New Press .
20.
Gedro, Julie (2009). LGBT Career Development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11, 54-66.
21.
Gilley, J.W., Dean, P., & Bierema, L. (2001). Philosophy and practice of organizational learning, performance, and change. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.
22.
Gilley, J.W., & Eggland, S.A. (1989). Principles of human resource development. New York: Addison-Wesley.
23.
Githens, Rod P. & Aragon, Steven R. (2009). LGBT Employee Groups: Goals and Organizational Structures. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11, 121-135.
24.
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of a spoiled identity . New York: Simon & Schuster .
25.
Grace, A., & Hill, R.J. (2004). Positioning queer in adult education: Intervening in politics and praxis in North America. Studies in the Education of Adults, 36, 167-189.
26.
Hatcher, T. (2002). Ethics and HRD: A new approach to leading responsible organizations. Cambridge, MA: Perseus .
27.
Hearn, J., & Collinson, D. (2006). Men, masculinities and workplace diversity/diversion . In A. M. Konrad, P. Prasad, & J. K. Pringle (Eds.), Handbook of workplace diversity (pp. 299-322). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
28.
Heward, W.L. (1996). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
29.
Hill, R.J. (2004). Activism as practice: Some queer considerations . In R. St. Clair & J. E. Sandlin (Eds.), New directions for adult and continuing education: No. 102: The welfare-to-work challenge for adult literacy educators (pp. 85-94). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
30.
Hill, R.J. (2006). What's it like to be queer here? In R. J. Hill (Ed.), New directions for adult and continuing education: No. 112: Challenging homophobia and heterosexism: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer issues in organizational settings (pp. 7-16). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
31.
Hill, Robert J. (2009). Incorporating Queers: Blowback, Backlash and Other Forms of Resistance to Workplace Diversity Initiatives that Support Sexual Minorities. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11, 37-53.
32.
Hornsby, E.E. (2006). Using policy to drive organizational change. In R. J. Hill (Ed.), New directions for adult and continuing education: No. 112: Challenging homophobia and heterosexism: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer issues in organizational settings (pp. 73-83). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
33.
Hornsby, Eunice Ellen & Munn, Sunny L.(2009). University Work-life Benefits and Same-sex Couples. Advances in Developing Human Resources , 11, 67-81.
34.
Human Rights Campaign. (2007). Business coalition for workplace fairness. Retrieved May 20, 2007, from http://www.hrc.org/Template.cfm?Section=Endorsing_ENDA&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=36482
35.
Johnson, A.G. (2000). The Blackwell dictionary of sociology: A user's guide to sociological language (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
36.
Kiesler, C.A. (1971). The psychology of commitment: Experiments linking behavior to belief. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
37.
Kormanik, Martin B. (2009). Sexuality as a Diversity Factor: An Examination of Awareness. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11, 24-36.
38.
Kulik, C.T., & Bainbridge, H.T.J. , (2006). Psychological perspectives on workplace diversity. In A. M. Konrad , P. Prasad, & J. K. Pringle (Eds.), Handbook of workplace diversity (pp. 25-52). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39.
Leonard, A. (2004). Sexual minority rights in the workplace (Twenty-First Annual Carl Warns Labor and Employment Institute). Brandeis Law Journal, 43, 145-164.
40.
Loden, M., & Rosener, J.B., (1991). Workforce America!: Managing employee diversity as a vital resource. New York: McGraw-Hill.
41.
McDonald, K.S., & Hite, L.M. (2005). Reviving the relevance of career development in human resource development. Human Resource Development Review , 4, 418-439.
42.
Merriam-Webster's 11th collegiate dictionary. ( 2003). [CD-ROM] Version 3. Springfield, MA : Merriam-Webster.
43.
Muñoz, C.S., & Thomas, K.M. (2006). LGBTQ issues in organizational settings: What HRD professionals need to know and do. In R. J. Hill (Ed.), New directions for adult and continuing education: No. 112. Challenging homophobia and heterosexism: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer issues in organizational settings (pp. 85-95). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
44.
Organization Development Network. (2007). What is organization development? Retrieved August 10, 2007, from http://www.odnetwork.org/aboutod/index.php
45.
Prasad, P., Pringle, J.K., & Konrad, M., (2006). Examining the contours of workplace diversity: Concepts, contexts, and challenges. In A. M. Konrad, P. Prasad, & J. K. Pringle (Eds.), Handbook of workplace diversity (pp. 1-22). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
46.
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins. (1989). 490 U.S. 228, 251.
47.
Raeburn, N.C. (2004). Changing corporate America from inside out: Lesbian and gay workplace rights. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
48.
Ragins, B.R., & Cornwell, J.M. (2001). Pink triangles: Antecedents and consequences of perceived workplace discrimination against gay and lesbian employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1244-1261.
49.
Rocco, T.S., & Gallagher, S.J. (2004). Discriminative justice: Can discrimination be just? In L. G. Martin & E. E. Rogers (Eds.), New directions for adult and continuing education: No. 101. Crossing borders: Adult education in an urban context (pp. 29-42). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
50.
Rocco, T.S., & Gallagher, S.J. (2006a). Straight privilege and moral/izing: Issues in career development. In R. J. Hill (Ed.), New directions for adult and continuing education: No. 112. Challenging homophobia and heterosexism: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer issues in organizational settings (pp. 29-39). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
51.
Rocco, T.S., & Gallagher, S.J. (2006b). Straight privilege, moral/izing, and myths: The effects on learners, educational options, and teaching for social justice. Unpublished manuscript.
52.
Rocco, T.S., & West, G.W. (1998). Deconstructing privilege: An examination of privilege in adult education. Adult Education Quarterly, 48, 171-184.
53.
Romer v. Evans. (1996). 517 U.S. 620, 865-866.
54.
Schied, F.M., Carter, V.K., & Howell, S.L. (2001). Silent power: HRD and the management of learning in the workplace. In R. M. Cervero, A. L. Wilson, & Associates (Eds.), Power in practice: Adult education and the struggle for knowledge and power in society (pp. 42-59). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
55.
Sedgwick, E.K. (1990). Epistemology of the closet. Berkeley: University of California Press.
56.
Sheared, V. (1999). Giving voice: Inclusion of African American students' polyrhythmic realities in adult basic education. In T. C. Guy (Ed.), New directions for adult and continuing education: No. 82. Providing culturally relevant adult education: A challenge for the twenty-first century (pp. 33-48). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
57.
Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
58.
Super, D.E. (1963). Career development: Self-concept theory, essays in vocational development. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
59.
Tracey, W.R. (2004). The human resources glossary: The complete desk reference for HR executives, managers, and practitioners (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press .
60.
van Loo, Jasper B. & Rocco, Tonette S. (2009). Sexual Minorities, Earnings, and Career Development: Insights From Economics. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11, 82-94.
61.
Ward, J., & Winstanley, D. (2005). Coming out at work: Performativity and the recognition and renegotiation of identity. Sociological Review, 53, 447-475.
62.
Young, I.M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.