A Policy Analysis of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and Its Impact on American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) Women

Abstract

Aim

In the United States, 82% of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women face violence during their lifetimes, compared to 45.1% of women from all other racial groups. We examined the evolution and impact of the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) on AI/AN women.

Design and Methods

A policy analysis of VAWA and its impact on AI/AN women survivors of violence was completed through the lens of the Tribal Critical Race Theory.

Results

The findings identified that prior to VAWA (2013), there were significant legal gaps regarding the prosecution of non-Native offenders on tribal lands. Following multiple reauthorizations of VAWA, there has been a reported increase in services for AI/AN women, yet challenges persist due to limited data and jurisdictional complexities. While VAWA has made strides in addressing violence against AI/AN women, systemic issues such as historical trauma, racism, and invisibility continue to hinder effective responses. The complexity of jurisdictional frameworks further complicates law enforcement efforts on tribal lands.

Conclusion

This policy analysis underscores the need for continued advocacy for comprehensive data collection and more robust legislative measures that prioritize the unique circumstances of AI/AN communities. Additionally, the analysis can inform policymakers, community leaders, and advocacy groups on the necessity of addressing systemic factors that contribute to violence against AI/AN women, such as the jurisdictional complexities on sovereign Native lands. To enhance policy effectiveness, we must take a collaborative approach with tribal communities and ensure that AI/AN voices are integral to the conversation on violence against women.

Keywords

American Indian/Alaska Native violence against women act violence against women health policy historical trauma law enforcement

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