1. I have previously addressed Disney culture in Henry A. Giroux, The Mouse that Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence (Lanham: Rowman and Lilttlefield, 2001).

2. Brooks Barnes, “Disney Expert Uses Science to Draw Boy Viewers,” New York Times (April 14, 2009), P. A1.

3. Ibid., Brooks Barnes, P. A1.

4. Jonathan Rutherford, “Cultures of Capitalism,” Soundings 38 (Spring 2008). Online: http://www.lwbooks.co.uk/journals/ soundings/cultures_capitalism/cultures_capitalism1.

5. A number of psychologists, especially Allen D. Kanner, have publicly criticized this practice by child psychologists. In fact, Kanner and some of his colleagues raised the issue in a letter to the American Psychological Association. See Miriam H. Zoll, “Psychologists Challenge Ethics of Marketing to Children,” American News Service (April 5, 2000). Online: http:// www.mediachannel.org/originals/kidsell.shtml. See also Allen D. Kanner, “The Corporatized Child,” California Psychologist 39.1 (January/February 2006), pp. 1—2; and Allen D. Kanner, “Globalization and the Commercialization of Childhood,” Tikkun 20:5 (September/October, 2005), pp. 49—51. Kanner’s articles are online: http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/ articles/.

6. Brooks Barnes, Disney Expert Uses Science to Draw Boy Viewers,” New York Times (April 14, 2009), P. A14.

7. For a list of the Walt Disney Company’s vast holdings, see Columbia Journalism Review “Who Owns What,” (April 14, 2009). Online: http://www.cjr.org/resources/?c=disney

8. Victoria Rideout, Donald F. Roberts, and Ulla G. Foehr, Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8—18 Year-Olds (Washington, D. C.: The Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2005), p. 4.

9. Rideout, Roberts, and Foehr, Generation M, p. 4.

10. Jeff Chester and Kathryn Montgomery, Interactive Food and Beverage Marketing: Targeting Children in the Digital Age (Berkeley: Media Studies Group; Washington, D.C.: Center for Digital Democracy, 2007), p. 13. Online: http://digitalads. org/documents/digiMarketingFull.pdf.

11. Ibid., Brooks Barnes, Disney Expert Uses Science to Draw Boy Viewers,” P. A14.

12. Editorial, “The Role of Media in Childhood Obesity,” Issue Brief (February 2004). Online: http://www.kaiserfamilyfoundation.org/entmedia/upload/The-Role-Of-Media-in-Childhood-Obesity.pdf. See also Zoe Williams, “Commercialization of Childhood,” Compass: Direction for the Democratic Left (December 1, 2006). Online: http://www.criancaeconsumo.org. br/downloads/commercialization%20of%20childhood%20 from%20britain.pdf. Williams estimates that children in both the United States and the United Kingdom are “exposed to between 20,000 and 40,000 ads a year.”

13. Juliet B. Schor, Born to Buy (New York: Scribner, 2005), p. 25.

14. Victoria Rideout, Donald F. Roberts, and Ulla G. Foehr, Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8—18 Year-Olds (Washington, D. C.: The Kaiser Family Foundation, March 2005), pp. 6, 9.

Stealing of Childhood Innocence-Disney and the Politics of Casino Capitalism: A Tribute to Joe Kincheloe

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