Abstract
Introduction
The family of Amplatzer Vascular Plugs (AVPs) is characterized by their precise deployment and high resistance to migration. However, a risk of recanalization of the embolized vessels has been reported. To augment the effectiveness of embolization, the coil-in-plug (CIP) technique was developed, exclusively using AVP I or IV. However, these plugs cannot be used for large vessels like portovenous shunt because of the size limitation. AVP II has a larger-sized model up to 22 mm. This article reports two cases of embolizing high-flow and large-caliber portosystemic shunts where the CIP technique with multilayer AVP II was effectively employed.
Materials and methods
The CIP technique using AVP II was utilized for one case with a portocaval shunt and another with a splenorenal shunt. CIP was established with wire penetration through the multilayer meshes, followed by a microcatheter insertion. After the microcatheter was positioned in the central lobe, the internal space was embolized tightly using pushable or detachable coils.
Results
A use of guidewire with a high tip load enabled an establishment of CIP and complete occlusion of the target vessels immediately without migration of the embolic devices in both cases. The symptom of encephalopathy improved after the procedure in both the case of the portocaval and the splenorenal shunt.
Conclusion
The CIP technique with the AVP II was safe and effective to achieve complete occlusion of the large-caliber portosystemic shunts.
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