Resecting Lower Segment Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma With Middle Segment Extension While Avoiding Renal Morbidity

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor, with less than 400 reported cases to date. Complete resection of the tumor with clear margins is the only proven curative treatment, providing survival benefits. Nonetheless, leiomyosarcomas in the middle segment or those extending up to it within the inferior vena cava (IVC) frequently necessitate renal reimplantation or nephrectomy, with rates varying between 56% and 75%. In this case report, we present a 65-year-old female with lower segment IVC leiomyosarcoma with middle segment extension, successfully resected and reconstructed while avoiding associated renal reimplantation or nephrectomy morbidity.