Short and Long-term Transfer of Training in a Tablet-based Teen Driver Hazard Perception Training Program

Abstract

Engaged Driver Training System (EDTS) is a tablet-based training method which was developed to elevate hazard perception skills of teen drivers. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of the EDTS training program on drivers’ hazard perception skills in driving situations. Drivers’ situation awareness was measured by mapping eye movements and verbal protocols of teen drivers to Endsley’s model of situation awareness. Thirty-two drivers were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental and placebo group. Drivers’ situation awareness was first measured at one week and six months after training via an 8-mile on road drive. The situation awareness of drivers in two groups were compared with each other’s in four categories of driving scenarios: crosswalks, turns, 4-way intersections, and rotary. Results show that in most of the categories the EDTS training had both short-term and long-term positive effects on drivers’ hazard perception skills.

References

Benda

H. v

Hoyos

C. G.

(1983). Estimating hazards in traffic situations. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 15(1), 1–9.

Borowsky

Meir

Oron-Gilad

Shinar

Parmet

(2010). The effect of hazard perception training on traffic-scene movies categorization. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 54, pp. 2101–2105). Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.

Borowsky

Oron-Gilad

Meir

Parmet

(2012). Drivers’ perception of vulnerable road users: A hazard perception approach. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1), 160–166.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Teen Drivers: Get the Facts. [Cited February 1, 2016]. http://www.cdc.gov/Motorvehiclesafety/teen_drivers/teendrivers_factsheet.html.

Crick

McKenna

F. P.

(1992). Hazard perception: can it be trained? IN BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH IN ROAD SAFETY II. PROCEEDINGS OF A SEMINAR, 17-18 SEPTEMBER 1991, MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY (TRL PUBLISHED ARTICLE PA 2193/92).

Crundall

Andrews

Van Loon

Chapman

(2010). Commentary training improves responsiveness to hazards in a driving simulator. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 2117–2124.

Endsley

M. R.

(1995). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37(1), 32–64.

Fisher

D. L.

Laurie

N. E.

Glaser

Connerney

Pollatsek

Duffy

S. A.

Brock

(2002). The use of an advanced driving simulator to evaluate the effects of training and experience on drivers’ behavior in risky traffic scenarios. Human Factors, 44(2), 287–302.

Fisher

D. L.

Laurie

N. E.

Glaser

Connerney

Pollatsek

Duffy

S. A.

Brock

(2002). Use of a fixed-base driving simulator to evaluate the effects of experience and PC-based risk awareness training on drivers’ decisions. Human Factors, 44(2), 287–302.

10.

Horswill

M. S.

McKenna

F. P.

(2004). Drivers’ hazard perception ability: Situation awareness on the road. A Cognitive Approach to Situation Awareness: Theory and Application, 155–175.

11.

Jackson

Chapman

Crundall

(2009). What happens next? Predicting other road users’ behaviour as a function of driving experience and processing time. Ergonomics, 52(2), 154–164.

12.

Katrahmani

Ahmadi

Romoser

(2017). Using Situation Awareness as a Measure of Driver Hazard Perception Ability.

13.

Katrahmani

Romoser

Samuel

(2016). Investigating a Non-Invasive Method of Measuring the Quality of Latent Hazard Schemas of Novice Teen and Experienced Adult Drivers: A New Perspective using Traditional Tools. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 60, pp. 712–716). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.

14.

Krishnan

Samuel

Romoser

Fisher

(2015). A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Tablet-based Training Program for Younger Drivers: Addressing Distraction Head On. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 59, pp. 1651–1655). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA.

15.

Masten

S. V.

Foss

R. D.

(2010). Long-term effect of the North Carolina graduated driver licensing system on licensed driver crash incidence: A 5-year survival analysis. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 1647–1652.

16.

Mayhew

D. R.

(2007). Driver education and graduated licensing in North America: Past, present, and future. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2), 229–235.

17.

McKenna

F. P.

Horswill

M. S.

Alexander

J. L.

(2006). Does anticipation training affect drivers’ risk taking? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 12(1), 1.

18.

Meir

Borowsky

Oron-Gilad

(2014). Formation and evaluation of act and anticipate hazard perception training (AAHPT) intervention for young novice drivers. Traffic Injury Prevention, 15(2), 172–180.

19.

Mills

K. L.

Hall

R. D.

McDonald

Rolls

G. W. P.

(1996). The effects of hazard perception training on the development of novice driver skills. In Roadsafe’96. Influences Affecting Road User Behaviour. International Conference, London

24th And 25th July

1996. Conference Report.

20.

Petzoldt

Weibs

Krems

Bannert

(2011). The development of a cognitive skills training to support driver education: experimental validation of theoretical underpinnings.

21.

Pollatsek

Narayanaan

Pradhan

Fisher

D. L.

(2006). The use of eye movements to evaluate the effect of PC-based risk awareness training on an advanced driving simulator. Human Factors, 48(3), 447–464.

22.

Pollatsek

Narayanaan

Pradhan

Fisher

D. L.

(2006). Using eye movements to evaluate a PC-based risk awareness and perception training program on a driving simulator. Human Factors, 48(3), 447–464.

23.

Preusser

D. F.

Tison

(2007). GDL then and now. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2), 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2007.02.003

24.

Senserrick

T. M.

(2006). Reducing young driver road trauma: guidance and optimism for the future. Injury Prevention, 12(suppl 1), i56–i60.

25.

Taylor

T. G.

Masserang

K. M.

Pradhan

A. K.

Divekar

Samuel

Muttart

J. W.

… Fisher

D. L.

(2011). Long term effects of hazard anticipation training on novice drivers measured on the open road. In Proceedings of the… International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design (Vol. 2011, p. 187). NIH Public Access.

26.

Wallis

T. S.

Horswill

M. S.

(2007). Using fuzzy signal detection theory to determine why experienced and trained drivers respond faster than novices in a hazard perception test. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(6), 1177–1185.

27.

Young

K. L.

Lenné

M. G.

Beanland

Salmon

P. M.

Stanton

N. A.

(2015). Where do novice and experienced drivers direct their attention on approach to urban rail level crossings? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 77, 1–11.