Occlusion is known to influence the growth and development of the craniofacial complex. However, the consequences of occlusal hypofunction, or its recovery, on the amount of formation and development of alveolar bone and the jaw are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the relationship between the occlusal stimuli and alveolar and jaw bone growth by the use of a hypofunction/recovered occlusal function model in growing rats. Bone histomorphometric analyses, including bone apposition rate and mineral apposition rate, were evaluated in double-labeled frontal sections of mandibular second molars. Results showed that occlusal hypofunction significantly suppressed alveolar and jaw bone formation compared with that in animals growing normally (p < 0.05). However, recovered occlusal function induced an enhancement in jaw bone formation. These results indicate the influence of occlusal function on alveolar and jaw bone formation during the growth period.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Beckmann SH, Kuitert RB, Prahl-Andersen B, Segner D, The RP, Tuinzing DB -1998-. Alveolar and skeletal dimensions associated with overbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop113:443–452.
2.
Bourrin S, Palle S, Genty C, Alexandre C -1995-. Physical exercise during remobilization restores a normal bone trabecular network after tail suspension-induced osteopenia in young rats. J Bone Miner Res10:820–828.
3.
Burr DB, Martin RB -1989-. Errors in bone remodeling: toward a unified theory of metabolic bone disease. Am J Anat186:186–216.
4.
Enokida M, Kaneko S, Yanagishita M, Soma K -2005-. Inference of occlusal stimuli on the remodelling of alveolar bone in a rat hypofunction-recovery model. J Oral Biosci47:321–334.
5.
Frost HM -1988-. Vital biomechanics: proposed general concepts for skeletal adaptations to mechanical usage. Calcif Tissue Int42:145–156.
6.
Hsieh YD, Devlin H, Roberts C -1994-. Early alveolar ridge osteogenesis following tooth extraction in the rat. Arch Oral Biol39:425–428.
7.
Iwasaki-Hayashi Y, Iida J, Warita H, Soma K -2001-. Effects of occlusal hypofunction on the microvasculature and endothelin expression in the periodontal ligaments of rat molars. Orthodontic Waves60:373–380.
8.
Johnson RB -1990-. Effect of altered occlusal function on transseptal ligament and new bone thicknesses in the periodontium of the rat. Am J Anat187:91–97.
9.
Kabasawa M, Ejiri S, Hanada K, Ozawa H -1996-. Effect of age on physiologic and mechanically stressed rat alveolar bone: a cytologic and histochemical study. Int J Adult Orthodont Orthognath Surg11:313–327.
10.
Kinoshita Y, Tonooka K, Chiba M -1982-. The effect of hypofunction on the mechanical properties of the periodontium in the rat mandibular first molar. Arch Oral Biol27:881–885.
11.
Li XJ, Jee WS -1991-. Adaptation of diaphyseal structure to aging and decreased mechanical loading in the adult rat: a densitometric and histomorphometric study. Anat Rec229:291–297.
12.
Mavropoulos A, Kiliaridis S, Bresin A, Ammann P -2004-. Effect of different masticatory functional and mechanical demands on the structural adaptation of the mandibular alveolar bone in young growing rats. Bone35:191–197.
13.
Miller SC, Hunziker J, Mecham M, Wronski TJ -1997-. Intermittent parathyroid hormone administration stimulates bone formation in the mandibles of aged ovariectomized rats. J Dent Res76:1471–1476.
14.
Muramoto T, Takano Y, Soma K -2000-. Time-related changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors in rat molars after the loss of occlusal stimuli. Arch Histol Cytol63:369–380.
15.
Nakata S -1981-. Relationship between the development and growth of cranial bones and masticatory muscles in postnatal mice. J Dent Res60:1440–1450.
16.
Nomura A -1982-. Alveolar bone changes due to loss of masticatory stress. Jpn J Oral Biol24:951–977.
17.
Parfitt AM, Drezner MK, Glorieux FH, Kanis JA, Malluche H, Meunier PJ, et al. -1987-. Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee. J Bone Miner Res2:595–610.
18.
Shimomoto Y, Iwasaki Y, Chung C-R, Muramoto T, Soma K -2005-. Occlusal stimuli affects alveolar and jaw bone formation during the growth period. J Jpn Soc Bone Morphometry15:29–34.
19.
Suhr ES, Warita H, Iida J, Soma K -2002-. The effects of occlusal hypofunction and its recovery on the periodontal tissues of the rat molar: ED1 immunohistochemical study. Orthodontic Waves61:165–172.
20.
Takagi H, Iida J, Yoshida S -2001-. Developmental and age dependent changes of the intercellular network in rat alveolar bone. Hokkaido J Dent Sci22:141–153.
21.
Tanaka A, Iida J, Soma K -1998-. Effect of hypofunction on the microvasculature in the periodontal ligament of the rat molar. Orthodontic Waves57:180–188.
22.
Toyooka E, Tanaka M, Kohono S, Ozawa H, Ejiri S -2001-. Changes of rat alveolar bone following loss of antagonistic tooth and the influence of estrogen deficiency on the changes—Analysis using micro focus x-ray computed tomography. J Jpn Soc Bone Morphometry11:53–61.
23.
Usami A, Hara T, Ide Y -2003-. Morphological changes of the internal structure of maxillae with tooth loss—Three-dimensional and mechanical analysis using micro-CT and finite element method. J Jpn Soc Bone Morphometry13:33–42.
24.
Vignery A, Baron R -1980-. Dynamic histomorphometry of alveolar bone remodeling in the adult rat. Anat Rec196:191–200.
25.
von Wowern N, Hjorting-Hansen E, Stoltze K -1979-. Changes in bone mass in rat mandibles after tooth extraction. Int J Oral Surg8:229–233.
26.
Watarai H, Warita H, Soma K -2004-. Effect of nitric oxide on the recovery of the hypofunctional periodontal ligament. J Dent Res83:338–342.
