Spinal arteriovenous fistula located in the filum terminale externa: A case report and review of the literature

A filum terminale arteriovenous fistula (FTAVF) is an extremely rare spinal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and typically presents with myelopathy and conus medullaris syndrome caused by venous congestion in the spinal cord. Most reported FTAVFs are intradural pial AVFs with perimedullary drainage in the filum terminale interna. However, there are no reports of AVFs in the filum terminale externa (FTE). We describe a case involving a 68-year-old man with an AVF in the FTE who presented with progressive myelopathy and underwent successful endovascular treatment. We identified the specific shunt point by fusing postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. The features of the extradural sac AVF developed in the FTE may mimic those of a dural AVF with dural supply to the FTE covered by the dural component, unlike typical FTAVFs where the shunt develops at the pia mater. This case makes a significant contribution to the field by increasing the understanding of the clinical characteristics of an AVF that develops in the FTE and its angioarchitecture.