LYDMA-antigens and Immunity against EBV-infected Cells Epstein-Barr Virus as a Model for the Study of Host-infection Interaction

Abstract

Molecular biology has shown that DNA viruses carry their own transforming genes, unlike RNA viruses (retrovirus), which use cellular “oncogenes”. Some of the products of transforming viral genes are very good potential targets for immune defence. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalization is linked to the transcriptional activation of some latently transcribed regions; the lymphocyte-determined membrane antigens (LYDMA), the product of one of these regions, are the T-cell's chosen target. EBV-induced immortalization may therefore be free from any malignant consequence as long as immortalized clones are suppressed by immunosurveillance. In vivo, LYDMA-positive clones may be susceptible to immune control; LYDMA-negative clones can transform to neoplastic cells

Keywords

LYDMA-antigens host-infection interaction

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Epstein

M.A.

, Achong

B.G.

, Barr

Y.H.

Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma. Lancet 1964; 1: 702–3.

Niedermann

J.C.

, Miller

, Pearson

H.A.

, Pagano

, Dowaliby

J.M.

Infectious mononucleosis. Epstein-Barr virus shedding in saliva and the oropharynx. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 1355–9.

Rickinson

A.B.

, Yao

Q.Y.

, Wallace

L.E.

The Epstein-Barr virus as a model of virus-host interactions. Brit Med Bull 1985; 41: 75–9.

Purtilo

D.T.

, De Florian

, Hutt

L.H.

Variable phenotypic expression of an X-linked recessive lymphoproliferative syndrome. N Engl J Med 1977; 297: 1077–81.

Crawford

D.H.

, Thomas

J.A.

, Janosse

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen positive lymphoma after cyclosporin. A treatment in a patient with renal allograft. Lancet II 1980; 1: 1355–6.

Martin

P.J.

, Scholman

H.H.

, Schulbach

W.H.

Fatal Epstein-Barr virus associated proliferation of Donar cells after treatment of acute graft-versus host disease with a murine anti-T-cell antibody, Ann Int Med 1984; 101: 310–5.

Old

L.J.

, Boyse

E.A.

, Oettgen

N.E.

Precipitating antibodies in human serum to an antigen present in cultured Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1966; 56: 1699–704.

Sixbey

J.M.

, Westerinen

E.N.

, Nedrud

J.G.

, Raab-Traub

, Walton

L.A.

, Pagano

J.S.

Epstein-Barr virus replication in human epithelial cells infected in vitro. Nature 1983; 306: 480–3.

Henle

, Diehl

, Kohn

, Zur Hausen

, Henle

Herpes type virus and chromosome marker in normal leukocytes after growth with irradiated Burkitt cells, Science 1967; 157: 1064–5.

10.

Pagano

J.S.

, Henry

B.E.

II The Epstein Barr virus: Biochemistry and relation to human malignancy. In: Philips

L.A.

, ed. Viruses Associated with Human Cancer. New York and Basle Dekker Inc, 1983.

11.

Tosato

, Blaese

R.M.

, Epstein-Barr virus infection and immunoregulation in man. Adv Immunol 1985; 37: 99–142.

12.

Wildy

Herpes viruses: a background. Brit Med Bull 1985; 41: 339–44.

13.

Robinson

, Smith

Infection of human B-lymphocytes with high multiplicity of Epstein-Barr virus: Kinetics of EBNA expression, cellular DNA synthesis and mitosis. Virology 1981; 109: 336–43.

14.

Kief

Adv Viral Oncol 1983; 3: 133–82.

15.

Klein

, Klein

Evolution of tumours and the impact of molecular oncology, Nature 1985; 315: 190–5.

16.

Henle

, Henle

Epstein-Barr virus specific serology in immunologically compromised individuals. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 4222–5.

17.

Melchers

, Potter

Mechanisms of B-cell neoplasia, 1985. Workshop at the Basle Institute for Immunology, January 7–9, 1985. Basle, Switzerland: Edition Roche.

18.

Pike

B.L.

, Nossal

G.J.V.

Interleukin 1 can act as a B-cell growth and differentiation factor. Proc Nat Acad Sci 1985; 82: 8153–7.

19.

Gordon

, Ley

S.C.

, Melamed

M.D.

, English

L.S.

, Hughes - Jones

N.C.

Immortalized B-lymphocytes produce B-cell growth factor. Nature 1984; 310: 145–7.

20.

Bishop

J.H.

, Viral Oncogenes. Cell 1985; 42: 23–38.

21.

Epstein

M.A.

, Morgan

A.J.

, Fimerty

, Randle

B.J.

, Kirkwood

J.K.

Protection of cottontop tamarins against Epstein-Barr virus induced malignant lymphoma by a prototype subunit vaccine. Nature 1985; 318: 287–9.