The Role of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) Evaluation in Pericardial Fluid for the Recognition of Malignant Pericarditis

This study was designed to assess the value of tumor marker evaluation in pericardial fluid for the recognition of malignant pericarditis. Thirty-six patients with signs and symptoms of large pericardial effusion entered the study. Pericardiocentesis with pericardial fluid drainage was performed in all of them. CEA and NSE levels were evaluated in the pericardial fluid and compared to pericardial fluid cytology. The median CEA value in malignant effusions was 80 ng/ml (range 0-305 ng/ml) and in non-malignant ones 1.26 ng/ml (range 0.2-18.4 ng/ml), p<0.01. The sensitivity of CEA elevation above 5 ng/ml for the recognition of malignant pericarditis was 73% and the specificity was 90%.

Pericardial fluid cytology was positive in 22 of 26 patients with malignant pericarditis (85%). CEA exceeding 5 ng/ml or positive cytology were seen in 96% of the patients with malignant pericarditis. The median NSE value in malignant pericardial effusions was 41.8 μg/l (range 2-172 μg/l) and in non-malignant ones 5.85 μg/l (range 1-83.9 μg/l), p<0.3. For the differential diagnosis of large pericardial effusions we would recommend simultaneous cytologic examination of pericardial fluid and CEA assessment. NSE measurement in hemorrhagic pericardial fluid is of limited value.