Abstract
Empathy is known to be a fundamental quality in the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient. It can have a positive influence on the health of both the patient and the professional who cares for them, due to a reduction in the onset of burnout. The reviewed study presents a detailed definition and explanation of empathy and describes how empathic behaviour has two dimensions, including both empathetic attention and empathetic presence. Unfortunately, the literature to date suggests that there is a reduction in nurses’ empathy in the clinical setting due to the dominance of the biomedical model, which leaves little time for communication with patients.
One of the key strengths of the reviewed study is that there are few studies that have focused on nurses’ empathy and in particular that have placed an emphasis on cancer patients. The study design, which takes a qualitative approach, allows a rich source of data to be achieved, with the perceptions of nurses, patients and family members being presented. Therefore, insight is gained into the elements of nurses’ empathic behaviour and factors affecting such behaviour. Rigorous procedures were utilised in interpretation of the data and in identification of the main categories and subcategories.
Informative data were obtained from family members in relation to what can alleviate the patients’ distress and make a difference at a very difficult and stressful time in their lives. The findings demonstrate the importance of spending time with the patient and listening to their fears, concerns and worries. The impact of practising empathetic care is shown in relation to the effect it can have on a patient and those that care for them. The reviewed study also highlights the important difference between empathy and sympathy, while indicating the effect this can have on the nurse and the care that is given. This is a very important area and requires further investigation which is beyond the scope of the current research.
The need to decrease the psychosocial distress placed on the nurse was highlighted. Nurses need to be supported while working with patients who are anxious and worried. Education and training are important in allowing the nurse to empathise appropriately with the patient rather than sympathising, which can lead to emotional exhaustion and burnout. Although empathy is a complex concept, it is suggested that a change in culture to patient-orientated rather than task-orientated care and a sufficient workforce will enhance the nurses’ experience and facilitate the development of empathetic behaviour. Therefore, organisations and managers need to be aware of the needs of nurses, providing support and training that will facilitate the overall development of empathetic behaviour.