Review: Gp-340/DMBT1 in mucosal innate immunity

Abstract

Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumour 1 (DMBT1) is a gene that encodes alternatively spliced proteins involved in mucosal innate immunity. It also encodes a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 340 kDa, and is referred to as gp-340 (DMBT1^gp340) and salivary agglutinin (DMBT1^SAG). DMBT1^gp340 is secreted into broncho-alveolar surface lining fluid whereas DMBT^SAG is present in the saliva. The two molecules were shown to be identical and both interact with and agglutinate several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium responsible for caries in the oral cavity. DMBT1^gp340 interacts with surfactant proteins A and D (SP-D). DMBT1^gp340 and SP-D can individually and together interact and agglutinate influenza A virus. DMBT1^gp340 also binds to HIV-1 and facilitates transcytosis of the virus into epithelial cells. DMBT1 binds to a variety of other host proteins, including serum and secretory IgA, C1q, lactoferrin, MUC5B and trefoil factor 2 (TFF2), all molecules with involvement in innate immunity and/or wound-healing processes. Recent generation of Dmbt1-deficient mice has provided the research field of DMBT1 with a model that allows research to progress from in vitro studies to in vivo functional studies of the multifunctional proteins encoded by the DMBT1 gene.

Keywords

innate immunity mucosal deleted in malignant brain tumour 1 DMBT1 collectin surfactant protein D

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