A simulation study of the Japanese bō

This study examined the mechanical behaviour of the Japanese bō during simulated attack and defence manoeuvres with the aid of finite element analysis. The bō properties varied were handgrip location along the bō shaft and shaft diameter. It was found that an optimal attacking response could be achieved for the following factors: (1) the striking point on the attacking bō, (2) the holding point on the attacking bō, and (3) the diameter of the attacking bō. In addition, the defending response was optimal when defending with an attacking stance. Optimal bimanual grip locations were identified to be in agreement with common practices exhibited by karate practitioners. It was also found that bō geometric construction properties substantially modified the mechanical response. Further empirical testing is needed to verify the finite element analysis findings.