Abstract
Answer C. Refer for an urgent urology appointment
The risk of renal cell carcinoma increases with age. Other risk factors include exposure to cadmium, asbestos and petroleum by-products. The risk of renal cell carcinoma is higher in smokers than non-smokers. Clinical examination has limited role in diagnosis of renal cancer. Some clinical signs that should prompt considering imaging include:
Palpable abdominal mass Cervical lymphadenopathy Non-reducing varicocele Bilateral pedal oedema Bony tenderness
Radiological imaging, including abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scans give the diagnosis of renal carcinoma in the majority of cases. However, in this case with such a high level of suspicion that the patient has a malignancy, do not delay referral to await imaging.
InnovAiT article: Renal cancer. DOI: